Clinical, dermoscopic, and histopathological evaluations of patients with nail disorders

Abstract

Nail disorders are prevalent dermatologic complaints and present at any age. 50% of the nail disorders were due to infectious causes, 15% were due to metabolic or inflammatory causes, and 5% were due to pigment disturbances and malignancies. The differential diagnosis of nail disorders is still often a field of incertitude. 1 Clinical evaluation is still an issue in such cases. The nail unit is a greatly specialized structure and there are significant histopathological variations within its components. SO, the mycological assessments, and histopathological examinations are pivotal for the diagnosis of different nail disorders. 1 Two factors can hinder a precise diagnosis of nail disorders. The first factor is that several nail disorders may clinically mimic one another, leading to difficulty in diagnosis. From a practical view, one may consider infectious, inflammatory, and neoplastic processes in the differential diagnosis of a single lesion. So, a biopsy is usually resolve the cell layer that is abnormally found in the nail bed or nail matrix, and it is normally found in the nail fold or hyponychium. 2 The nail biopsy is an essential technique to obtain an accurate diagnosis of clinically ambiguous nail diseases that is not diagnosable by history, clinical examination, and mycology testing , 3 but it is disagreeable with the patient and may lead to scarring and disfigurement of the nail. 4

Dermoscopic Nail Disorders in School-Going Children

“…Onycholysis, discoloration, transverse ridges, and cracking were the most frequent nail abnormalities associated with nutritional alterations in this study (34%). These results were nearly identical to those of the study by El-Hamd et al, who discovered the same results in 33.3% of the patients [20].…”

“…The findings corroborate those of Rathod et al, who discovered that 13% of individuals with nail disorders also had hand eczema [19]. Only 1.92% of patients were found to have hand eczema, according to El-Hamd et al [20]. Because different populations were researched in these studies, results may vary.…”

“…Onycholysis, subungual hyperkeratosis, splinter hemorrhage, transverse ridges, discoloration, and cracking were additional symptoms of hand eczema in 41 patients (100%). El-Hamd et al reported the same results; however, their investigation indicated that 50% of patients had an incidence of nail abnormalities [20].…”

“…Based on clinical evaluation and dermoscopic examination, it was discovered in 38 (21%) patients. According to El-Hamd et al [20] and Rathod et al [19], they observed documented nutritional nail alterations in three (2.8%) and one (0.5%) patients, respectively. This finding is rather high.…”

Diagnosing Onychomycosis: What’s New?

“…The best diagnostic dermoscopic sign was longitudinal striations [ 16 ]. Overall, there is a high level of agreement between dermoscopy signs, clinical and KOH examination [ 26 ] and fungal culture [ 27 ].…”