Clinical Depressions Among Negroes

Tonks, Clive; Paykel, Eugene S.; Klerman, Gerald L.

doi:10.1176/ajp.127.3.329

Cited by 39 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…For example, few of the studies previously reviewed used any type of structured research instrument and those that did are now out-dated (Simon et al, 1973;Tonks et al, 1970). Practically all of the studies (see Jones et al, 1981;Lipton &Simon, 1985 andMukherjee et al, 1983 for exceptions) were pre-DSM-III and did not use the hierarchical system for ruling out affective disorder before making a diagnosis of schizophrenia.…”

Section: Research Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Only one of the investigations reviewed employed the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (Mukherjee et al, 1983) and none used the Present State Exam, Psychiatric Epidemiology Research Interview nor Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R. This is particularly surprising given that much of the criticism on race and diagnosis is directed against the use of unstructured clinical interviewing procedures (Adebimpe, 1981;Simon et al, 1973;Tonks et al, 1970;Mukherjee et al, 1983).…”

Section: Research Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerous studies have attempted to investigate the process of diagnostic classification in black patients (Raskin, Crook & Herman, 1975;Tonks, Paykel & Klerman, 1970;Helzer, 1975;Simon et al, 1973;Tonks et al, 1970;Hanson & Klerman, 1974;DeHoyos & DeHoyos, 1965;Vitols et al, 1963;Liss, Welner, Robins & Richardson, 1973;: Mukherjee et al, 1983. Prange and Vitols (1962) early on raised the issue of race differences in mental disorder from a diagnostic perspective, noting that while rare, depression did occur in blacks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The influence of racial factors on psychiatric diagnosis: A review and suggestions for research

Neighbors

Jackson

Campbell

et al. 1989

Community Ment Health J

215

100

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ABSTRACT:Research on race and diagnosis initially focused on black-white differences in depression and schizophrenia. Statistics showing a higher treated prevalence of schizophrenia and a lower prevalence of depression for blacks seemed to support the claim that blacks did not suffer from depression. Others argued, however, that clinicians were misdiagnosing depression in blacks. This article reviews empirical studies of racial differences in individual symptoms and summarizes the evidence on misdiagnosis. It argues that more attention must be paid to resolving two contradictory assumptions made by researchers working in the area of race and diagnostic inference: (1) blacks and whites exhibit symptomatology similarly but diagnosticians mistakenly assume that they are different; (2) blacks and whites display psychopathology" in different ways but diagnosticians are unaware of or insensitive to such cultural differences. The article concludes with suggested research directions and a discussion of critical research issues.

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Section: Research Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Research Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The influence of racial factors on psychiatric diagnosis: A review and suggestions for research

Neighbors

Jackson

Campbell

et al. 1989

Community Ment Health J

215

100

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…First, the concern is grounded in a particular line of reasoning in interpreting existing diagnostic evidence. Many studies that look at diagnosis within a hospital setting have found that schizophrenia is diagnosed more frequently among African Americans and that mood disorders are diagnosed more often among whites (Lipton and Simon 1985;Liss et al 1973;Mukherjee et al 1983;Neighbors et al 1999;Raskin, Crook and Herman 1975;Simon et al 1973;Snowden and Cheung 1990;Strakowski et al 1996;Tonks, Paykel and Klerman 1970;Welner, Liss and Robins 1973;Welner et al 1972). The term "over-diagnosis" has been used to refer to the findings related to schizophrenia while "under-diagnosis" has been used to describe the findings on mood disorders.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Racial Differences in DSM Diagnosis Using a Semi-Structured Instrument: The Importance of Clinical Judgment in the Diagnosis of African Americans

Neighbors¹,

Trierweiler²,

Ford³

et al. 2003

Journal of Health and Social Behavior

269

147

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“…Other papers (e.g. review articles, letters) in which the CID was used or cited will not be discussed in detail [12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81]. …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Clinical Interview for Depression: A Comprehensive Review of Studies and Clinimetric Properties

Guidi

Fava

Bech

et al. 2010

Psychother Psychosom

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Background: A comprehensive assessment of the wide spectrum of depressive symptomatology, particularly in its subclinical forms, is lacking in standard rating scales. There is also an emerging need for instruments that can detect small differences in therapeutic studies and have good sensitivity. The purpose of this paper is to review the clinimetric characteristics of Paykel’s Clinical Interview for Depression (CID) and to examine the results of the studies in which the interview has been used. Methods: Published reports which involved the use of the CID were identified by searching the following electronic databases: Medline, PsychINFO, EMBASE, and Web of Science. A manual search of the literature was also performed. Results: The initial strategies yielded 169 published reports for potential inclusion in the review: 98 are discussed here. The CID has been used extensively in a variety of studies, including descriptive studies, classification by means of factor analysis and cluster analysis, and predictor variables of response to treatment or relapse. The CID has also been used as an outcome measure in several controlled clinical trials and follow-up studies of pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy of affective disorders. It has been shown to be valid and reliable, to discriminate depressives from controls, or different subgroups of depressed patients, and to reflect changes during the course of treatment, particularly when individual symptoms are considered. Conclusions: Evidence from these studies highlights the utility of the CID in clinical research and practice. Its clinimetric characteristics, particularly the broad evaluation of affective symptomatology and the sensitivity to change, make it an instrument of choice in therapeutic trials.

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Clinical Depressions Among Negroes

Cited by 39 publications

References 17 publications

The influence of racial factors on psychiatric diagnosis: A review and suggestions for research

The influence of racial factors on psychiatric diagnosis: A review and suggestions for research

Racial Differences in DSM Diagnosis Using a Semi-Structured Instrument: The Importance of Clinical Judgment in the Diagnosis of African Americans

The Clinical Interview for Depression: A Comprehensive Review of Studies and Clinimetric Properties

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