Clinical Data and Biocalculation Methods of GABRD Determine the Clinical Characteristics and Immune Relevance of Colorectal Cancer

Abstract

Background. The aim of this study was to clarify the expression of gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor delta subunit (GABRD) gene in pan-cancer and its correlation with patient prognosis, and to investigate the function and possible mechanism of GABRD in colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data were used to analyze the expression differences of GABRD in pan-cancer, and the correlation between GABRD and clinical prognosis of various tumors was analyzed by Cox regression method. According to the expression level of GABRD, Gene Function Annotation (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genomes (KEGG) functional enrichment analysis were performed on the differentially expressed genes. Expression of GABRD gene and 44 marker genes of three types of RNA modification (m1A (10), m5C (13), m6A (21)) genes in different tumors was observed. Pearson correlation of GABRD gene and marker genes of five immune pathways was measured. Results: TCGA data analysis showed that GABRD was significantly upregulated in various tumor tissues, especially COAD and READCOAD. Survival analysis showed that GABRD was a prognostic protective factor in CRC ( p < 0.001 ). The results of survival nomogram showed that GABRD, age, and tumor (T) lymph node (N) distant metastasis (M) stage were independent prognostic factors, and the survival model C-index was 0.724 (0.644-1). Gene enrichment and functional analysis showed that GABRD may be related to protein digestion and absorption, ECM-receptor interaction, extracellular structure organization, extracellular matrix organization, pancreatic secretion, and antimicrobial humoral response. The expression of GABRD was positively correlated in m1A-, m5C-, and m6A-related genes. The GABRD gene was found in B cell, T cell CD4, T cell CD8, neutrophil, macrophage in TCGA-COAD (N = 282), and TCGA-COADREAD (N = 373). The infiltration level and DC was significantly positively correlated ( p < 0.05 ). Also, the Pearson correlation coefficient is the largest. Conclusion. The involvement of GABRD in the occurrence and development of CRC may be related to protein digestion and absorption, ECM-receptor interaction, extracellular structure organization, extracellular matrix organization, pancreatic secretion, and antimicrobial humoral response. GABRD can be used as a molecular marker for the prognosis of CRC.

Construction of an Amino Acid Metabolism-Related Prognostic Model for Colorectal Adenocarcinoma Patients

“…Analysis of TCGA data has unveiled a notable up-regulation of GABRD across various tumor tissues [43] . This upregulation has been particularly observed in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, and studies have indicated that its suppression can hinder tumor cell proliferation and migration, underscoring its relevance in tumorigenesis [40] .…”

An Analysis of the Gene Expression Associated with Lymph Node Metastasis in Colorectal Cancer

“…Furthermore, the basic physiological process of protein digestion and absorption, which may change cancer, can impact tumor growth and development [ 48 ]. Recent research has identified a correlation between the expression of the GABRD gene in CRC and patient prognosis, suggesting potential involvement with pathways such as protein digestion and absorption, and ECM-receptor interaction [ 49 ]. These findings lend further support to our KEGG analysis results, although the precise mechanisms warrant further experimental validation.…”

Retracted: Clinical Data and Biocalculation Methods of GABRD Determine the Clinical Characteristics and Immune Relevance of Colorectal Cancer

“…This article has been retracted by Hindawi following an investigation undertaken by the publisher [ 1 ]. This investigation has uncovered evidence of one or more of the following indicators of systematic manipulation of the publication process: Discrepancies in scope Discrepancies in the description of the research reported Discrepancies between the availability of data and the research described Inappropriate citations Incoherent, meaningless and/or irrelevant content included in the article Peer-review manipulation …”

“…Tis article has been retracted by Hindawi following an investigation undertaken by the publisher [1]. Tis investigation has uncovered evidence of one or more of the following indicators of systematic manipulation of the publication process:…”