Clinical Courses of Croup Caused by Influenza and Parainfluenza Viruses

Peltola, Ville; Heikkinen, Terho; Ruuskanen, Olli

doi:10.1097/00006454-200201000-00020

Cited by 71 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Although laryngitis associated with influenza was also a relatively infrequent finding in our study, the clinical presentation of croup caused by influenza viruses is much more severe than that caused by parainfluenza viruses. 33 Influenza viruses are among the leading respiratory viruses predisposing a child to acute otitis media. 3,4,8,9,34 In our study, 19% of children Ͻ3 years of age had acute otitis media at their first visit to the study clinic for influenza.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Presentation of Influenza in Unselected Children Treated as Outpatients

Silvennoinen¹,

Peltola²,

Lehtinen³

et al. 2009

Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal

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High fever is a prominent sign of influenza in children, and the clinical presentation of influenza is most severe in children <3 years of age. Headache and myalgia are not typical features of influenza in outpatient children. Most children with influenza have rhinitis during the early phase of the illness, which makes the clinical diagnosis of influenza difficult especially in the youngest children.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Presentation of Influenza in Unselected Children Treated as Outpatients

Silvennoinen¹,

Peltola²,

Lehtinen³

et al. 2009

Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal

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“…Fewer cases of croup are caused by influenza viruses than by parainfluenza viruses [28]. However, croup may be clinically more severe in children with influenza infection than in those with parainfluenza virus infection [40]. Influenza A virus also has been recognized as an important agent that predisposes patients to bacterial tracheitis [41].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influenza A and B Virus Infections in Children

Peltola¹,

Ziegler²,

Ruuskanen³

2003

CLIN INFECT DIS

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246

177

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To obtain data on the clinical manifestations of infection, the age distribution, and the underlying conditions of children with influenza severe enough to lead to hospital referral, we performed a retrospective study of children treated at Turku University Hospital (Turku, Finland) in 1980-1999. Influenza A or B antigen was detected in the nasopharyngeal aspirates of 683 of the 15,420 children studied. The median age of children with influenza A was 2.0 years (n=544), and that of children with influenza B was 4.2 years (n=139) (P<.001). One-fourth of the children had an underlying medical condition. High fever, cough, and rhinorrhea were the most frequently recorded symptoms. Acute otitis media developed in 24% of the children, and pneumonia developed in 9% of the children. The study shows that the majority of patient hospitalizations for pediatric influenza involve previously healthy infants and young children. Laboratory confirmation of influenza is particularly important for children because the clinical presentation of the infection is less characteristic than that seen in adults.

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“…RSV, influenza A and B viruses, adenoviruses, rhinoviruses, and, in school age children, Mycoplasma have all been shown to cause croup. A recent retrospective review suggested that influenza virus croup was more severe than parainfluenza virus croup (284).…”

Section: Clinical Syndromesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parainfluenza Viruses

2003

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Human parainfluenza viruses (HPIV) were first discovered in the late 1950s. Over the last decade, considerable knowledge about their molecular structure and function has been accumulated. This has led to significant changes in both the nomenclature and taxonomic relationships of these viruses. HPIV is genetically and antigenically divided into types 1 to 4. Further major subtypes of HPIV-4 (A and B) and subgroups/genotypes of HPIV-1 and HPIV-3 have been described. HPIV-1 to HPIV-3 are major causes of lower respiratory infections in infants, young children, the immunocompromised, the chronically ill, and the elderly. Each subtype can cause somewhat unique clinical diseases in different hosts. HPIV are enveloped and of medium size (150 to 250 nm), and their RNA genome is in the negative sense. These viruses belong to the Paramyxoviridae family, one of the largest and most rapidly growing groups of viruses causing significant human and veterinary disease. HPIV are closely related to recently discovered megamyxoviruses (Hendra and Nipah viruses) and metapneumovirus

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Clinical Courses of Croup Caused by Influenza and Parainfluenza Viruses

Cited by 71 publications

References 13 publications

Clinical Presentation of Influenza in Unselected Children Treated as Outpatients

Clinical Presentation of Influenza in Unselected Children Treated as Outpatients

Influenza A and B Virus Infections in Children

Parainfluenza Viruses

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