Clinical correlates of mind wandering in adults with ADHD

EEG alpha–theta dynamics during mind wandering in the context of breath focus meditation: An experience sampling approach with novice meditation practitioners

“…autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit disorder, mood disorders…etc.) and non‐clinical populations that may show special difficulties to notice and disengage from mind wandering episodes when necessary (Biederman et al., 2019; Killingsworth & Gilbert, 2010).…”

Generalizable prediction of stimulus-independent, task-unrelated thought from functional brain networks

“…Our findings from two separate ADHD cohorts highlight SITUT-CPM generalizability to a clinical context and offer novel neurophysiological evidence for previously identified, clinically relevant ADHD subgroups. 8 We hypothesize that ADHD patients with high, compared to low, in the domain of sustained attention. 80 A neurofeedback training paradigm was also shown to target and enhance DMN-FPCN anticorrelation, 78 and it remains uncertain whether there would be a clinical benefit of targeting these connections in tandem with the broader, distributed set of network interactions that characterized the SITUT-CPM.…”

“…Previous findings indicate that ADHD individuals with high Mind Wandering Questionnaire (MWQ) scores (> 23) exhibit increased severity of ADHD symptoms. 8 Thus, we classified 49 ADHD adults into high (n = 31) versus low (n = 18) SITUT subgroups, based on the MWQ, within a cohort of patients that underwent rs-fMRI (7 mins each) at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. These two groups did not show significant differences in head motion (P = 0.43, Wilcoxon rank sum test, M±SD of 0.092±0.027 mm for high SITUT participants, 0.088±0.027 mm for low SITUT participants), age (P = 0.097; M±SD of 32.0±7.5 for high SITUT participants, 28.2±7.0 for low SITUT participants) sex (high SITUT: 18 females, 13 males; low SITUT: 7 females, 11 males), or ADHD medication status (high SITUT: 27.6% using medication; low SITUT: 25% using medication).…”

“…8 We excluded 10 out of 59 total participants due to excessive head motion, resulting in 49 participants included. Using previously defined criteria, 8 we then classified these participants into those with high and low trait SITUT (MWQ score >23 and <24, respectively). We compared the two groups in terms of head motion and age (Wilcoxon rank sum test, two-sided) as well as sex (F/M ratio) and current ADHD medication status (proportion of patients using medications).…”

“…[3][4][5] The tendency to mind wander varies substantially within and between individuals, and this variability can have severe, broad mental health consequences in conditions such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and Alzheimer's disease. [6][7][8] Thus, understanding the nature of mind wandering and its neural basis has emerged as a central goal within cognitive and clinical neuroscience. 4,6,9,10 Within the last decade, neuroimaging combined with online experience samplingwherein people are intermittently prompted to report their current thoughts-has become a well-established, powerful method to link brain dynamics with mind wandering episodes.…”