Clinical consequences of polymerase chain reaction‐based diagnosis of intestinal parasitic infections

Rijsman, Lucas H; Monkelbaan, Jan F; Kusters, Johannes G.

doi:10.1111/jgh.13412

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 75 publications

(241 reference statements)

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“…Moreover, the use of PCRs led to the exposure of parasites of the species E. nana in the human population of the West Bank for the first time and their high sensitivity increased detection of giardiasis from 13% by the conventional methods to 37% by applying qPCRs. This agrees with other studies [38–41]. As revealed here, the introduction of PCRs enabled detection of multiple infections of either two or three different types of parasite.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Prevalence of selected intestinal protozoan infections in marginalized rural communities in Palestine

et al. 2019

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BackgroundIntestinal parasitic infections are common in rural areas with poor infrastructure and low socioeconomic status. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of selected parasitic infections in marginalized rural areas in the northern part of the Palestinian West Bank Region, using conventional and PCR-based methods, and also to assess risk predictors of infection.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted on 104 individuals from three rural villages in the Jordan Valley. Stool samples were collected and examined by a battery of tests that included microscopy of wet fecal samples in normal saline with iodine, concentration by ethyl acetate sedimentation and also by zinc sulfate floatation, a conventional PCR and a real-time PCR (qPCR). Risk factors were assessed that included demographic, socioeconomic, and behavioral characteristics. Data on method performance was analyzed by kappa-statistic, Cochrane’s Q, and McNemar post hoc test. Mid-P exact test and odds ratio were used to discern association between outcome and risk predictors.ResultsThe overall prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections was 48% (49/102). The predominant parasites were Giardia lamblia at 37% (37/102) and Hymenolepis nana at 9% (9/102). To concentrate cysts and eggs, sedimentation can be used as an alternative to floatation with a loss of 1% of positive cases. The methods employing PCRs proved crucial as it increased the detected infection rate of G. lamblia approximately three-fold from 13% by the conventional methods to 37% by the qPCR. Multiple infections were present in 13% (13/102) of the study group, which included double (10%) and triple (3%) infections. Regarding the genus Entamoeba, E. dispar and E. coli were detected at rates of 2 and 8%, respectively. While none of the individuals were infected with the pathogenic E. histolytica, E. nana (4%) was detected for the first time in the area. Age was a risk predictor for infection (OR = 2.61, CI 95% 1.05–6.45, P = 0.038).ConclusionsThe increased prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in children in marginalized rural areas in Palestine is worrying. The addition of PCR-based methods is important for the diagnosis of such infections as, with cautious interpretation, it increases proficiency and overcomes underestimation and misdiagnosis of cases. Control measures including education on personal hygiene and environmental sanitation, should be introduced to reduce the prevalence of the intestinal parasites and, thus, the infections they cause in this and other areas.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Prevalence of selected intestinal protozoan infections in marginalized rural communities in Palestine

et al. 2019

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“…The situation is similar in the case of intestinal protozoan diagnostics (Rijsman et al, 2016 ). The gold standard technique for the detection of protozoan agents, the microscopic examination of feces, is laborious, time-consuming, and requires specifically trained personnel.…”

Section: Pros and Cons Of Using Qpcr In Detection And Quantification mentioning

confidence: 75%

“…The gold standard technique for the detection of protozoan agents, the microscopic examination of feces, is laborious, time-consuming, and requires specifically trained personnel. Similarly, ELISA testing suffers from low sensitivity and specificity (Rijsman et al, 2016 ). Therefore, qPCR is now emerging as a powerful tool in the routine detection, quantification, and typing of intestinal parasitic protozoa.…”

Section: Pros and Cons Of Using Qpcr In Detection And Quantification mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Basic Guide to Real Time PCR in Microbial Diagnostics: Definitions, Parameters, and Everything

2017

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Real time PCR (quantitative PCR, qPCR) is now a well-established method for the detection, quantification, and typing of different microbial agents in the areas of clinical and veterinary diagnostics and food safety. Although the concept of PCR is relatively simple, there are specific issues in qPCR that developers and users of this technology must bear in mind. These include the use of correct terminology and definitions, understanding of the principle of PCR, difficulties with interpretation and presentation of data, the limitations of qPCR in different areas of microbial diagnostics and parameters important for the description of qPCR performance. It is not our intention in this review to describe every single aspect of qPCR design, optimization, and validation; however, it is our hope that this basic guide will help to orient beginners and users of qPCR in the use of this powerful technique.

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“…(2016) for a summary. However, one has to realize that each PCR has its own specific specificity and sensitivity (Rijsman et al ., 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A clinical guideline onDientamoeba fragilisinfections

2018

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Dientamoeba fragilis (D. fragilis) is an intestinal parasite frequently detected in humans with abdominal pain and diarrhoea, but it is also commonly found in asymptomatic subjects. Hence its clinical relevance is often disputed. The introduction of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a versatile and sensitive diagnostic technique for the detection of intestinal parasites, and in some Western world countries PCR has almost completely replaced microscopic diagnostics. PCR has however resulted in an increase in the number of D. fragilis-positive patients. The disputed pathogenic nature of this intestinal parasite and an apparent increase in the incidence of patients with positive PCR results have renewed the discussions between clinicians and microbiologists on how to deal with an infected patient. Moreover, treatment guidelines differ throughout the world which makes it difficult for clinicians to choose an optimal therapeutic regimen.AimTo summarize and discuss the current knowledge on the pathogenicity, best diagnostic approach, treatment and follow-up of children and adults infected with D. fragilis.

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Clinical consequences of polymerase chain reaction‐based diagnosis of intestinal parasitic infections

Cited by 12 publications

References 75 publications

Prevalence of selected intestinal protozoan infections in marginalized rural communities in Palestine

Prevalence of selected intestinal protozoan infections in marginalized rural communities in Palestine

A Basic Guide to Real Time PCR in Microbial Diagnostics: Definitions, Parameters, and Everything

A clinical guideline onDientamoeba fragilisinfections

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