Clinical Classification of Cerebral Palsy

Ogoke, Christian Chukwukere

doi:10.5772/intechopen.79246

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The spastic subtype is further divided into the hemiplegic and bilateral types. The bilateral type is subdivided into quadriplegia and diplegia [31].…”

Section: Case Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on sitting, walking, and wheeled mobility, the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS), which uses a 5-level classification system, was utilized to assess the gross motor function of children with CP. Functional capacities, the necessity for assistive technology, such as portable mobility aids (walkers, crutches, or canes) or wheeled mobility, and, to a much lesser extent, the quality of movement, were used to differentiate between levels [31]. The researcher (OG) looked over the child's medical records to determine the type of CP and the severity of GMFCS.…”

Section: Case Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Attitude of Parents of Children with Cerebral Palsy Towards COVID-19 Vaccination

Ghazy

Sallam

Fadl

et al. 2023

IJERPH

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Children with cerebral palsy (CP) are at a greater risk of respiratory complications from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Therefore, this study aimed to assess parental COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy (VH) among parents of CP children in Egypt, using the Arabic version of the Parental Attitude about Childhood Vaccination (PACV) questionnaire. This cross-sectional survey study was conducted at the outpatient clinics of two hospitals in Cairo, Egypt. Parents of children with CP were recruited using a simple random sampling technique. A total of 321 parents were enrolled; more than half of them were mothers of the children (61.37%); and the majority were Egyptians (87.23%) and living in urban areas (84.42%). Nearly 70% of the parents were hesitant to administer the COVID-19 vaccine to their children. A multiple linear regression model revealed that the PACV mean scores were lower among the following categories: (1) parents who could pay back loans, compared to those who could not pay back loans and who reported insufficient income (β = −2.39, p = 0.030); (2) non-Egyptian parents (β = −1.54, p = 0.002); (3) those who were fully vaccinated against COVID-19 themselves or had the intention to receive the complete COVID-19 vaccination (β = −6.28, p < 0.001); (4) those who had the intention to give the COVID-19 vaccination to their children (β = −3.04, p < 0.001); and (5) parents whose children received routine vaccines (β = −2.86, p < 0.045). After adjusting for other covariates, particularly the parental COVID-19 vaccine status (β = −6.28, p < 0.001) and parents who experienced a COVID-19-related death in the family (β = −1.75, p < 0.001), the PACV mean score decreased significantly. However, higher mean PACV scores were reported among parents who had a COVID-19 infection (β = 2.72, p < 0.001) or who were not sure (β = 2.76, p < 0.001). Our findings suggest the need to increase COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among parents of vulnerable children to reduce the negative consequences of COVID-19.

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“…The spastic subtype is further divided into the hemiplegic and bilateral types. The bilateral type is subdivided into quadriplegia and diplegia [31].…”

Section: Case Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Case Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attitude of Parents of Children with Cerebral Palsy Towards COVID-19 Vaccination

Ghazy

Sallam

Fadl

et al. 2023

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…There are various classification systems for the different types of cerebral palsy. According to the 'Surveillance of Cerebral Palsy in Europe (SCPE) classification', the cerebral palsy can be classified into three major groups: spastic, dyskinetic, and ataxic types [6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Botulinum Toxin and Casting in Spastic Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Kumar¹,

Kumar²,

Mudgal³

et al. 2023

Cureus

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Cerebral palsy (CP) is a neurological disorder that affects muscle tone, movement, and motor skills in children. One of the most common symptoms of cerebral palsy is spasticity, which is characterised by involuntary muscle contractions and stiffness. Both botulinum toxin and casting have been used as standalone treatments for spasticity in cerebral palsy, but which is better is still unclear. The aim of the present meta-analysis was to compare the effects on spasticity of serial casting and/or botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) in conjunction with or as independent therapies. Studies up to February 2022 were identified in four separate databases. The inclusion criteria were randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that compared different therapies (Botulinum toxin A, or BoNT-A, and casting) and assessed spasticity improvement in children with spastic cerebral palsy who were younger than 18 years old and were published in English. With a 95% confidence interval (CI), the standardised mean difference (SMD) was utilised to calculate treatment effects. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 checklist was followed to undertake the current study. The search for relevant literature in four databases generated 147 results. After the abstract and full-text screening, five publications with a total of 190 cerebral palsy patients were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. In patients with cerebral palsy, both methods -botulinum toxin and casting-apply globally; our systematic review tries to find out the most effective treatment between the two but does not show any significant difference in these methods. As we know, botulinum toxin is expensive, and the casting method is time-consuming and poorly accepted by patients. There is a need for an excellent study to examine the impact of casting and botulinum toxin type A.

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“…Cerebral palsy (CP) is a common disorder prevalent among infants that can affect the body's ability to move or maintain balance or posture, leading to activity limitation [4]. Moreover, motor disability among CP children can result in muscle weakness along with abnormal perception, communication, sensation, and cognition, leading to motor impairment or musculoskeletal problems [5]. CP results in poor growth of the children compared to normal and healthy children; however, the improvement and precision in motor activities with time is slow compared to normal healthy children.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parent-reported health-related quality of life of children with cerebral palsy in Pakistan

Sameet

Razaq

2022

JBCMS

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Cerebral palsy (CP) affects movement, balance, and posture, leading to activity limitations, motor disability, and musculoskeletal problems. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) assessment is critical in helping practitioners suggest interventions for children with CP. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the parent-reported HRQoL among children with CP in Pakistan. Using a purposive sampling technique, 184 parents were interviewed face-to-face with the KIDSCREEN-52 questionnaire to assess their children's subjective health and well-being. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square, and Mann‒Whitney tests. The HRQoL scores for physical activity and health were significantly lower for male children (median = 20.00) than for females (median = 10.00) (p < 0.001), which was also the lowest across all other dimensions of HRQoL. Male children scored higher than females in some domains, such as general mood and bullying, while female children scored higher in domains such as free time and friends, but these differences were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). The overall HRQoL score was low for both male (median = 43.84) and female (median = 42.26) children. However, there was no significant difference in the proportion of children with low and medium HRQoL scores based on gender. This study concluded that physical activities and health were the poorest dimensions of HRQoL. The results help better understand children's lived experiences as perceived by their parents, highlighting various aspects of health that could be optimized to enhance the overall quality of life. Our findings highlight the need for targeted interventions to improve the HRQoL of children with CP, especially regarding physical activity and health.

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Clinical Classification of Cerebral Palsy

Cited by 12 publications

References 30 publications

Attitude of Parents of Children with Cerebral Palsy Towards COVID-19 Vaccination

Attitude of Parents of Children with Cerebral Palsy Towards COVID-19 Vaccination

The Effects of Botulinum Toxin and Casting in Spastic Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Parent-reported health-related quality of life of children with cerebral palsy in Pakistan

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