Clinical characterization of patients with non-small cell lung cancer according to the intensity of smoking and stage in which non-small cell lung cancer is diagnosed

Abstract

Currently, cancer, and the process from which it develops, carcinogenesis, is defined as a variety of somatic evolution, which compiles exactly with the most elementary and universal Darwinian laws. 13 Evolutionary dynamics in which deterministic and random forces intervene, imbricated in a complex ecological framework. Biological and evolutionary investigations of cancer have led to promising results; and contradictions. Two paradigms of carcinogenesis from an ecological-evolutionary perspective have been raised in the last decades: The theory of somatic mutation and the theory of adaptive oncogenesis. The first, predominant, proposes that a tumour develops as sequential and progressive accumulation of mutations that increase