Clinical characteristics, risk factors, and incidence of symptomatic coronavirus disease 2019 in a large cohort of adults living with HIV: a single-center, prospective observational study

Inciarte, Alexy; González-Cordón, Ana; Rojas, Jhon; Torres, Berta; Lazzari, Elisa de; Mora, Lorena de la; Martı́nez-Rebollar, Marı́a; Laguno, Montserrat; Callau, Pilar; González-Navarro, A.; Leal, Lorna; García, Felipe Andreo; Mallolas, Josép; Mosquera, Mar; Marcos, María Ángeles; Ambrosioni, Juan; Miró, Josep M.; Martínez, Estebán; Blanco, José Luis Santiago

doi:10.1097/qad.0000000000002643

Cited by 100 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 20 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Of these 53 patients, 6 (14%) were severe, 4 (8%) required ICU admission, and 2 (4%) died. Antiretroviral therapy was not associated with COVID‐19 diagnosis and severity 125 . A meta‐analysis involving 25 studies and 252 HIV patients coinfected with SARS‐CoV‐2 showed that 21.2% were at a severe and critical stage 126 .…”

Section: Comorbiditiesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Risk factors for severe and critically ill COVID‐19 patients: A review

Gao

Ding

Dong

et al. 2020

Allergy

995

776

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), has caused an unprecedented global social and economic impact, and high numbers of deaths. Many risk factors have been identified in the progression of COVID‐19 into a severe and critical stage, including old age, male gender, underlying comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes, obesity, chronic lung diseases, heart, liver and kidney diseases, tumors, clinically apparent immunodeficiencies, local immunodeficiencies, such as early type I interferon secretion capacity, and pregnancy. Possible complications include acute kidney injury, coagulation disorders, thoromboembolism. The development of lymphopenia and eosinopenia are laboratory indicators of COVID‐19. Laboratory parameters to monitor disease progression include lactate dehydrogenase, procalcitonin, high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein, proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐1β, Krebs von den Lungen‐6 (KL‐6), and ferritin. The development of a cytokine storm and extensive chest computed tomography imaging patterns are indicators of a severe disease. In addition, socioeconomic status, diet, lifestyle, geographical differences, ethnicity, exposed viral load, day of initiation of treatment, and quality of health care have been reported to influence individual outcomes. In this review, we highlight the scientific evidence on the risk factors of severity of COVID‐19.

show abstract

Section: Comorbiditiesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Risk factors for severe and critically ill COVID‐19 patients: A review

Gao

Ding

Dong

et al. 2020

Allergy

995

776

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The existing literature on COVID-19 among PLWH to date has focused primarily on incidence studies [ 16 ], clinical studies [ 17 ], and case reports from the field [ 18 ]. Overall, knowledge from previous coronavirus outbreaks on the susceptibility and severity of disease in PLWH was scarce in these early stages of the pandemic [ 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Black and Latino Persons Living with HIV Evidence Risk and Resilience in the Context of COVID-19: A Mixed-Methods Study of the Early Phase of the Pandemic

Gwadz

Campos

Freeman³

et al. 2021

AIDS Behav

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The COVID-19 pandemic has great potential to disrupt the lives of persons living with HIV (PLWH). The present convergent parallel design mixed-methods study explored the early effects of COVID-19 on African American/Black or Latino (AABL) long-term survivors of HIV in a pandemic epicenter, New York City. A total of 96 AABL PLWH were recruited from a larger study of PLWH with non-suppressed HIV viral load. They engaged in structured assessments focused on knowledge, testing, trust in information sources, and potential emotional, social, and behavioral impacts. Twenty-six of these participants were randomly selected for in-depth semi-structured interviews. Participants were mostly men (64%), African American/Black (75%), and had lived with HIV for 17 years, on average (SD=9 years). Quantitative results revealed high levels of concern about and the adoption of recommended COVID-19 prevention recommendations. HIV care visits were commonly canceled but, overall, engagement in HIV care and antiretroviral therapy use were not seriously disrupted. Trust in local sources of information was higher than trust in various federal sources. Qualitative findings complemented and enriched quantitative results and provided a multifaceted description of both risk factors (e.g., phones/internet access were inadequate for some forms of telehealth) and resilience (e.g., “hustling” for food supplies). Participants drew a direct line between structural racism and the disproportional adverse effects of COVID-19 on communities of color, and their knowledge gleaned from the HIV pandemic was applied to COVID-19. Implications for future crisis preparedness are provided, including how the National HIV/AIDS Strategy can serve as a model to prevent COVID-19 from becoming another pandemic of the poor.

show abstract

“…These multi-morbidities are driven by residual inflammation on ART and ongoing immune dysregulation (Deeks and Phillips 2009) that could influence COVID-19 disease severity, the durability of protective antiviral responses, which may prevent future re-infection, and responsiveness to vaccination (Moir and Fauci 2017; Pallikkuth et al 2012). Although there is no evidence of increased rates of COVID-19 disease among PLWH compared to the general population, mortality estimates vary between studies, with disparities in social health determinants and comorbidities likely having an influence (Bhaskaran et al 2021; Blanco et al 2020; Boulle et al 2020; Cooper et al 2020; Geretti et al 2020; Inciarte et al 2020; Sigel et al 2020). More recently, cellular immune deficiency and a lower CD4 T cell count/low CD4 T cell nadir have been identified as potential risk factors for severe SARS-CoV-2 infection in PLWH, irrespective of HIV virological suppression (Hoffmann et al 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of humoral and SARS-CoV-2 specific T cell responses in people living with HIV

Alrubayyi

Gea‐Mallorquí

Touizer

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

There is an urgent need to understand the nature of immune responses generated against SARS-CoV-2, to better inform risk-mitigation strategies for people living with HIV (PLWH). Although not all PLWH are considered immunosuppressed, residual cellular immune deficiency and ongoing inflammation could influence COVID-19 disease severity, the evolution and durability of protective memory responses. Here, we performed an integrated analysis, characterizing the nature, breadth and magnitude of SARS-CoV-2-specific immune responses in PLWH, controlled on ART, and HIV negative subjects. Both groups were in the convalescent phase of predominately mild COVID-19 disease. The majority of PLWH mounted SARS-CoV-2 Spike- and Nucleoprotein-specific antibodies with neutralizing activity and SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses, as measured by ELISpot, at levels comparable to HIV negative subjects. T cell responses against Spike, Membrane and Nucleocapsid were the most prominent, with SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4 T cells outnumbering CD8 T cells. Notably, the overall magnitude of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses related to the size of the naive CD4 T cell pool and the CD4:CD8 ratio in PLWH, in whom disparate antibody and T cell responses were observed. Both humoral and cellular responses to SARS-CoV-2 were detected at 5-7 months post-infection, providing evidence of medium-term durability of responses irrespective of HIV serostatus. Incomplete immune reconstitution on ART and a low CD4:CD8 ratio could, however, hamper the development of immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and serve as a useful tool for risk stratification of PLWH. These findings have implications for the individual management and potential effectiveness of vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 in PLWH.

show abstract

Clinical characteristics, risk factors, and incidence of symptomatic coronavirus disease 2019 in a large cohort of adults living with HIV: a single-center, prospective observational study

Cited by 100 publications

References 20 publications

Risk factors for severe and critically ill COVID‐19 patients: A review

Risk factors for severe and critically ill COVID‐19 patients: A review

Black and Latino Persons Living with HIV Evidence Risk and Resilience in the Context of COVID-19: A Mixed-Methods Study of the Early Phase of the Pandemic

Characterization of humoral and SARS-CoV-2 specific T cell responses in people living with HIV

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About