Clinical characteristics of the dental status of patients with red lichen planus of the mucous membrane of the oral cavity

Abstract

The development of lichen planus (RLP) is associated with the action of various toxins, allergens, infectious agents, and disorders of the immune system. The aim of the work was to study the dental status of patients with RLP, its role in the development and course of the disease, and the impact on treatment outcomes. A clinical dental examination was carried out in 37 patients, including 31 women (83.78% of those examined) aged 33–65 years; 6 men 16.22%, aged 23 to 52 years. By the time of the initial visit, indicators of the intensity and prevalence of caries, the presence of non-carious lesions, dentoalveolar anomalies and deformities, hygienic and periodontal indicators were recorded. Dental deformities and anomalies of the soft tissues of the oral cavity were diagnosed in 59.46% of all examined patients of both sexes, wedge-shaped defects – in 24.32% of all examined patients of both sexes, pathological wear – in 18.92% of all examined patients. The intensity of caries was 7.89±0.46. The Green-Vermillion hygiene index was (2.13±0.05) points. The prevalence of inflammatory and dystrophic-inflammatory changes in periodontal tissues at the time of the initial examination at the dentist was (83.78±6.39) %, which allows us to state a high degree of compromise of periodontal tissues. The papillary-marginal-alveolar index (PMA) was (26.95±2.70) %, which corresponds to moderate gingivitis, and the Muhlemann-Saxer papillary bleeding index (PBI) was (1.40±0.14) points. The results obtained regarding the age and sex distribution of patients with RLP agree with the developments of foreign scientists of recent years, indicating a high activity of the manifestation of this disease in women of perimenopausal age, in particular, endocrine changes in women, especially in the production of sex steroids. The presence of aggravated dental status is a local risk factor and serves as a mechanism that activates etiological factors and intensifies already existing changes. The results obtained indicate the need to develop a complex of professional and individual oral hygiene in patients with RLP, as well as the relationship between their dental status and changes in the oral mucosa. Keywords: red lichen planus, dermatosis, precancer.