Clinical characteristics of paediatric autoimmune hepatitis at a referral hospital in Sub Saharan Africa

Afaa, Taiba Jibril; Amegan-Aho, Kokou Hefoume; Dono, Matilda Tierenye; Odei, Eric; Awuku, Yaw Asante

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0239964

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Detecting two autoantibodies improved diagnostic accuracy from 58 to 74% [ 21 ]. Pediatric studies show varied antibody positivity (ANA: 30%–100%) [ 22 , 23 ]. Arab countries reported ANA (around 68%) and SMA (70–84%) positivity [ 11 , 12 ], which aligns with our findings (ANA: 62.6%, SMA: 56.3%).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrospective, single-center analysis of autoimmune hepatitis in Jordanian children: clinical features, treatments, and outcomes

Altamimi,

Al Omari,

Obeidat

et al. 2024

BMC Pediatr

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Objectives This study describes clinical, biochemical, and histological features and long-term outcomes in pediatric patients diagnosed with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) at King Abdullah University Hospital, Jordan. Design Retrospective, single-center study. Setting King Abdullah University Hospital, Jordan. Participants Inclusion of all pediatric patients with AIH diagnosed at our hospital from 2015 to 2023. Exclusion criteria was patients aged over 18 at time of diagnosis and those diagnosed elsewhere. Outcome measures Understanding clinical, biochemical, and histological AIH features in children, evaluating treatment responses, and reporting short- and long-term complications, including mortality. Results Sixteen pediatric cases were diagnosed, with an average age of 9.84 ± 4.13 years. Females comprised 75% of patients, and 31.3% presented with acute liver failure. Jaundice was the most common symptom, and hepatosplenomegaly was observed in 18% of cases. Most patients had elevated transaminase levels, along with positive anti-smooth muscle antibody (ASMA) and antinuclear antibodies (ANA). Common hematological abnormalities included anemia (56.3%) and thrombocytopenia (37.5%). All patients underwent liver biopsy, with interface hepatitis present in 81.3% of cases. Treatment mainly involved prednisone and azathioprine. Three patients died, one discontinued therapy, two patients were lost to follow-up, and 10 remained on treatment. Conclusion Autoimmune hepatitis affects Jordanian children, primarily female children. Jaundice is the most common presenting symptoms. Only Type I AIH occurred in our cohort. Although of good response to conventional treatment with steroids and immunosuppression, mortality reached 18.8%.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrospective, single-center analysis of autoimmune hepatitis in Jordanian children: clinical features, treatments, and outcomes

Altamimi,

Al Omari,

Obeidat

et al. 2024

BMC Pediatr

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“…In general, children with AIH, similarly to adults, have the same prevalence of female sex, as summarized in Table 2. It should be stressed that mortality is still present, reaching 28.5% in Ghana [105].…”

Section: Sex Disparities In Autoimmune Liver Diseases In Pediatricsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are Gender Differences Important for Autoimmune Liver Diseases?

Floreani,

Gabbia,

De Martin

2024

Life

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Gender Medicine has had an enormous expansion over the last ten years. Autoimmune liver diseases include several conditions, i.e., autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), and conditions involving the liver or biliary tree overlapping with AIH, as well as IgG4-related disease. However, little is known about the impact of sex in the pathogenesis and natural history of these conditions. The purpose of this review is to provide an update of the gender disparities among the autoimmune liver diseases by reviewing the data published from 1999 to 2023. The epidemiology of these diseases has been changing over the last years, due to the amelioration of knowledge in their diagnosis, pathogenesis, and treatment. The clinical data collected so far support the existence of sex differences in the natural history of autoimmune liver diseases. Notably, their history could be longer than that which is now known, with problems being initiated even at a pediatric age. Moreover, gender disparity has been observed during the onset of complications related to end-stage liver disease, including cancer incidence. However, there is still an important debate among researchers about the impact of sex and the pathogenesis of these conditions. With this review, we would like to emphasize the urgency of basic science and clinical research to increase our understanding of the sex differences in autoimmune liver diseases.

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“…Family history is positive in 40% of patients and 20% have association with other autoimmune diseases like thyroiditis, celiac disease, insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, vitiligo and inflammatory bowel disease. 2 The incidence has increased between 1990 and 2000 by 6-fold. The recently reported incidence is 0.23 per 100 000 children.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectrum of Pediatric Autoimmune Hepatitis in a Cohort of Pakistani Children

Khan,

Ali,

Farooq

et al. 2024

Global Pediatric Health

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Background. Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is increasingly seen in children worldwide and it is more severe in children compared to adults. This study highlights the biochemical and clinical aspect, treatment given and outcome of the disease including pediatric liver transplantation. Study. Retrospective review (2012-2022) was done in Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad. Patients under 18 years diagnosed with AIH were included. Data related to age, gender, clinical features, laboratory investigations including liver function test, liver biopsy findings and imaging modalities were included. Results. Fifteen patients were included 7 (47%) were males and 8 (53%) females. AIH type 1 was the most common type seen in 7 (46%), AIH type 2 in 5 (33%) and seronegative in 3 (20%). Jaundice was the most common symptom. Liver biopsy showed findings characteristic of AIH. Liver transplant performed in 3 patients. Conclusion. The study highlights the varied clinical presentation of AIH in Pakistani children.

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Clinical characteristics of paediatric autoimmune hepatitis at a referral hospital in Sub Saharan Africa

Cited by 6 publications

References 22 publications

Retrospective, single-center analysis of autoimmune hepatitis in Jordanian children: clinical features, treatments, and outcomes

Retrospective, single-center analysis of autoimmune hepatitis in Jordanian children: clinical features, treatments, and outcomes

Are Gender Differences Important for Autoimmune Liver Diseases?

Spectrum of Pediatric Autoimmune Hepatitis in a Cohort of Pakistani Children

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