Clinical Characteristics of Hantavirus Infections on the Eurasian Continent

Linderholm, Mats; Elgh, Fredrik

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-56753-7_8

Cited by 48 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…PUUV-induced HFRS is endemic primarily in northern and central Europe and western parts of Russia and is responsible for approximately 4000-6000 clinical cases of HFRS annually, with a mortality rate of <1%. Other hantaviruses that cause more severe forms of HFRS include Hantaan virus (Asia) and Dobrava virus (Balkans) [7]. There is no evidence of reinfection or persistent infection of humans by PUUV [5].…”

Section: 1 Epidemiology Of Nephropathia Epidemicamentioning

confidence: 98%

Immune responses to Puumala virus infection and the pathogenesis of nephropathia epidemica

Terajima

Vapalahti

Epps

et al. 2004

Microbes and Infection

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Section: 1 Epidemiology Of Nephropathia Epidemicamentioning

confidence: 98%

Immune responses to Puumala virus infection and the pathogenesis of nephropathia epidemica

Terajima

Vapalahti

Epps

et al. 2004

Microbes and Infection

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“…The lethality of HTN was found to be 3 to 10% [4,5] dependent on the infrastructure of the regional public health service of the respective countries. Nephropathia epidemica (NE), a milder variant of HFRS with a lethality of 0.1 to 0.2% [6][7][8][9][10] is caused by the serotype Puumala virus (PUU) which is responsible for diseases in north and middle Europe [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] as well as the European part of Russia [19][20]. The geographic distribution of the Old World hantaviruses is illustrated in Fig.…”

Section: Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

New Ecological Aspects of Hantavirus Infection: A Change of A Paradigm and a Challenge of Prevention- A Review

et al. 2005

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In the last decades a significant number of so far unknown or underestimated pathogens have emerged as fundamental health hazards of the human population despite intensive research and exceptional efforts of modern medicine to embank and eradicate infectious diseases. Almost all incidents caused by such emerging pathogens could be ascribed to agents that are zoonotic or expanded their host range and crossed species barriers. Many different factors influence the status of a pathogen to remain unnoticed or evolves into a worldwide threat. The ability of an infectious agent to adapt to changing environmental conditions and variations in human behavior, population development, nutrition, education, social, and health status are relevant factors affecting the correlation between pathogen and host. Hantaviruses belong to the emerging pathogens having gained more and more attention in the last decades. These viruses are members of the family Bunyaviridae and are grouped into a separate genus known as Hantavirus. The serotypes Hantaan (HTN), Seoul (SEO), Puumala (PUU), and Dobrava (DOB) virus predominantly cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), a disease characterized by renal failure, hemorrhages, and shock. In the recent past, many hantavirus isolates have been identified and classified in hitherto unaffected geographic regions in the New World (North, Middle, and South America) with characteristic features affecting the lungs of infected individuals and causing an acute pulmonary syndrome. Hantavirus outbreaks in the United States of America at the beginning of the 10th decade of the last century fundamentally changed our knowledge about the appearance of the hantavirus specific clinical picture, mortality, origin, and transmission route in human beings. The hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) was first recognized in 1993 in the Four Corners Region of the United States and had a lethality of more than 50%. Although the causative virus was first termed in connection with the geographic name of its outbreak region the analysis of the individual viruses indicate that the causing virus of HPS was a genetically distinct hantavirus and consequently termed as Sin Nombre virus. Hantaviruses are distributed worldwide and are assumed to share a long time period of co-evolution with specific rodent species as their natural reservoir. The degree of relatedness between virus serotypes normally coincides with the relatedness between their respective hosts. There are no known diseases that are associated with hantavirus infections in rodents underlining the amicable relationship between virus and host developed by mutual interaction in hundreds of thousands of years. Although rodents are the major reservoir, antibodies against hantaviruses are also present in domestic and wild animals like cats, dogs, pigs, cattle, and deer. Domestic animals and rodents live jointly in a similar habitat. Therefore the transmission of hantaviruses from rodents to domestic animals seems to be possible, if the target organs, tissues, and c...

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“…Hantaviruses are transmitted to humans who inhale aerosolized excreta from chronically infected rodents (66). Infections with certain hantavirus species can manifest in humans as hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) (51) or hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) (42). The latter is caused by pathogenic hantavirus species like Hantaan virus (HTNV), Seoul virus, Dobrava virus, and Puumala virus (PUUV).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%