Clinical characteristics of genital chlamydia infection in pelvic inflammatory disease

Abstract

BackgroundChlamydia infection in acute pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is associated with serious complications including ectopic pregnancy, tubal infertility, Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome and tubo-ovarian abscess (TOA). This study compared clinical and laboratory data between PID with and without chlamydia infection.MethodsThe medical records of 497 women who were admitted with PID between 2002 and 2011 were reviewed. The patients were divided into two groups (PID with and without chlamydia infection), which were compared in terms of the patients’ characteristics, clinical presentation, and laboratory findings, including inflammatory markers.ResultsThe chlamydia and non-chlamydia groups comprised 175 and 322 women, respectively. The patients in the chlamydia group were younger and had a higher rate of TOA, a longer mean hospital stay, and had undergone more surgeries than the patients in the non- chlamydia group. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), and CA-125 level were higher in the chlamydia group than in the non-chlamydia group, but there was no significant difference in the white blood cell count between the two groups. The CA-125 level was the strongest predictor of chlamydia infection, followed by the ESR and CRP level. The area under the receiving operating curve for CA-125, ESR, and CRP was 0.804, 0.755, and 0.663, respectively.ConclusionsChlamydia infection in acute PID is associated with increased level of inflammatory markers, such as CA-125, ESR and CRP, incidence of TOA, operation risk, and longer hospitalization.

Clinical Significance of Hepatic Capsular Enhancement in Multi-Directional Computed Tomography with Fitz-Hugh-Curtis Syndrome

“…This result is consistent with other studies [1]. In previous studies, ESR was elevated in only a few patients while it was within normal range in most patients [1,22]. In fact, it has been reported that the faster the appropriate antibi-otic is administered, the faster the symptom control and the lower chance of complication [24].…”

Clinical characteristics, treatment status and complications in women with tube ovarian abscess and endometriosis: a retrospective study

“…Cancer Antigen 125 (CA 125) is a glycoprotein in the blood that is a tumor marker for epithelial cell ovarian cancer, which is derived from coelomic epithelia in the female genital tract, including the fallopian tube, endometrium, ovary, and peritoneum [21]. Some studies have reported that CA 125 is a marker of nonspeci c peritoneal conditions and may be elevated in benign ovarian cysts, tube-ovarian abscess, endometriosis, hyperstimulation syndrome, ectopic pregnancy and broids [22][23].…”

“…Several studies have found that CA-125 serum levels were related to the occurrence of TOA and have a prognostic role during conservative parenteral antibiotic therapy [15,23]. However, few studies have examined the difference in CA-125 levels in TOA patients based on endometriosis.…”

The molecular mechanism of induction of unfolded protein response by Chlamydia

“…Pelvic inflammatory disease, tubal factor infertility and ectopic pregnancy are serious complications of human genital infection by the Gram-negative intracellular bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis (1–3). The rising infections with attendant healthcare cost is a major burden on the public healthcare system (4).…”