Clinical Characteristics of Desflurane in Surgical Patients

Rampil, Ira J.; Lockhart, Stephen H.; Zwass, Maurice S.; Peterson, Natalie; Yasuda, Nobuhiko; Eger, Edmond I.; Weiskopf, Richard B.; Damask, Michael C.

doi:10.1097/00000542-199103000-00007

Cited by 175 publications

(62 citation statements)

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“…19 We used an analogue of MAC in this study by applying repeated noxious electrical stimulation. 20 The mean values for desflurane requirement in both our study groups (6.2% for red hair and 5.2% for dark hair) are lower than the reported MAC, but expected with this model because anesthetic requirement depends on the type and intensity of the applied stimulation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anesthetic Requirement Is Increased in Redheads

Liem¹,

et al. 2004

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Background: Age and body temperature alter inhalational anesthetic requirement; however, no human genotype is associated with inhalational anesthetic requirement. There is an anecdotal impression that anesthetic requirement is increased in redheads. Furthermore, red hair results from distinct mutations of the melanocortin-1 receptor. We thus tested the hypothesis that the requirement for the volatile anesthetic desflurane is greater in natural redhead than in dark-haired women.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anesthetic Requirement Is Increased in Redheads

Liem¹,

et al. 2004

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“…It has long been known that MAC decreases with age in humans [8,20,22,26,29]. In human medicine, anesthetists can rapidly determine the depth of anesthesia in age-corrected MAC units for volatile anesthetics by using a normogram to estimate age-related MAC [16] and agerelated iso-MAC charts [23].…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of Age on Minimum Alveolar Concentration (MAC) of Sevoflurane in Dogs

Yamashita

Iwasaki

Umar

et al. 2009

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. It is well known that the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of inhalation anesthetic decreases with increasing age. However, there is limited information regarding the effect of age on MAC in dogs. This study was designed to determine the effect of age on sevoflurane MAC in dogs. MAC was determined in 6 young (2 years old) and 6 old beagle dogs (8 to 10 years old) under artificial ventilation. Anesthesia was induced via mask induction and maintained with sevoflurane in oxygen, and MAC was determined by using a tail clamp method. The sevoflurane MAC for the older dogs was significantly less than that for the younger dogs (1.86  0.29% vs 2.25  0.15%, P=0.007). The MAC of sevoflurane is profoundly affected by age in dogs.KEY WORDS: aging, anesthesia and analgesia, canine, minimum alveolar concentration (MAC), sevoflurane.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 71(11): 1509-1512, 2009 Sevoflurane is a volatile anesthetic agent with a relatively low blood/gas solubility coefficient resulting in rapid induction and recovery from anesthesia [28]. During the last decade, clinical use of sevoflurane has been spreading in veterinary species such as horses [3,14,24,31], cats [15] and dogs [1,2]. Sevoflurane is minimally metabolized and easily cleared in animals; however, it should be remembered that sevoflurane causes dose-dependent hypotension, hypoventilation, impaired cardiac contractility and hypothermia [21]. Because of these side effects, sevoflurane must be carefully titrated, and vigilant monitoring should be employed to avoid excessive anesthetic depth.MAC has been defined as "the minimum alveolar concentration of anesthetic at 1 atmosphere that produces immobility in 50% of those animals exposed to a noxious stimulus" [5]. It has long been known that MAC decreases with age in humans [8,20,22,26,29]. In human medicine, anesthetists can rapidly determine the depth of anesthesia in age-corrected MAC units for volatile anesthetics by using a normogram to estimate age-related MAC [16] and agerelated iso-MAC charts [23]. In the recent practice of veterinary anesthesia, geriatric animals have become a significant proportion of the patient population. Attention to the unique physiology and particular requirements of individuals within this age group will contribute to the provision of safe and effective anesthesia [9,19]. Veterinary practitioners believe that geriatric animals require a lower concentration of inhalation anesthetic to maintain anesthesia based on clinical experience. To the best of our knowledge, however, there are few reports on the relationship of MAC to age in veterinary species [11,17]. Furthermore, the relationship of sevoflurane MAC to age has not been evaluated in dogs. The purpose of the study reported here was to determine the effect of age on sevoflurane MAC in dogs. The authors hypothesized that the sevoflurane MAC value would be inversely related to age in this species.Six young beagles, 2 years of age (all male) and weighing from 9.7 to 11.8 kg (10.8  0.9 kg of mean  SD), and six old beagles, 8 to...

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“…Fisher and Zwass (1992) studied effects of nitrous oxide in children submitted to anesthesia with desflurane and they obtained a decrease of 25% in MAC. Rampil et al (1991) observed a reduction around 50% in adults, and Gold et al (1993) described a 70% decrease in elderly patients' MAC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…This agent depresses spontaneous ventilation in humans, with a dose dependent decrease in minute ventilation and an increase in respiratory rate (RR) (Lockhart et al, 1991). At cardiovascular system, desflurane causes dose dependent reduction in arterial pressure, resulting from decrease in systemic vascular resistance (Grundmann et al, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of nitrous oxide on minimum alveolar concentration of desflurane in dogs

Nishimori

Nunes

Paula

et al. 2007

Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec.

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Effects of nitrous oxide (N 2 O) on minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of desflurane were studied. For that purpose, 30 dogs were randomly allocated into two groups: desflurane group (GD) and N 2 O and desflurane group (GDN). GD animals received propofol to intubation, and 11.5V% of desflurane diluted in 100% O 2 . After 30 minutes, they received electric stimulus and if the animal did not react to stimulus, desflurane concentration was reduced by 1.5V%. This protocol was repeated at each 15 minutes, and stimulus was interrupted when voluntary reaction was observed. GDN dogs were submitted to diluent flow 30% O 2 and 70% N 2 O. Desflurane's MAC; heart (HR) and respiratory (RR) rates; systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressures (SAP, DAP, and MAP, respectively); end tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO 2 ); oxyhemoglobin saturation (SpO 2 ) and body temperature (T) were evaluated. In both groups increase in HR and ETCO 2 , and decrease in RR and T were associated with administration of the highest dose of desflurane. Blood pressures decreased 30 minutes after desflurane administration in GDN, and after this measurement the values increased. Reduction in desflurane's MAC was observed as well. It is concluded that N 2 O associated with desflurane reduced desflurane's MAC by 16% with increase in HR and respiratory depression.Keywords: dog, desflurane, nitrous oxide, MAC (8,9±1,65mg/kg) RESUMO Estudaram-se os efeitos do óxido nitroso (N 2 O) sobre a concentração alveolar mínima (CAM) do desfluorano. Trinta cães foram distribuídos em dois grupos: desfluorano (GD) e N 2 O e desfluorano (GDN). Os do GD receberam propofol

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Clinical Characteristics of Desflurane in Surgical Patients

Cited by 175 publications

References 0 publications

Anesthetic Requirement Is Increased in Redheads

Anesthetic Requirement Is Increased in Redheads

Effect of Age on Minimum Alveolar Concentration (MAC) of Sevoflurane in Dogs

Effects of nitrous oxide on minimum alveolar concentration of desflurane in dogs

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