Clinical Characteristics of Children and Adolescents with a Primary Tic Disorder

Specht, Matt W.; Woods, Douglas W.; Piacentini, John; Scahill, Lawrence; Wilhelm, Sabine; Peterson, Alan L.; Chang, Shih-Shin; Kepley, Hayden O.; Deckersbach, Thilo; Flessner, Christopher A.; Buzzella, Brian A.; McGuire, Joseph F.; Levi-Pearl, Sue; Walkup, John T.

doi:10.1007/s10882-010-9223-z

Cited by 76 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…For example, tic interference and severity, and global symptom scores for anxiety and OCD, have been significantly correlated with premonitory urge in older youths (Steinberg et al, 2010; Woods et al, 2005). This relationship between premonitory urge and anxiety-related symptoms is not surprising, given that tic disorders often co-occur with anxiety and OCD (e.g., Specht et al, 2011). However, there may be some components of anxiety-related symptoms that are more closely linked to the experience of premonitory urge than the broad construct of “anxiety.” Specifically, panic or somatic symptoms may be particularly relevant to tic-related sensory phenomena, as both are reported by youths as subjective experiences of bodily discomfort.…”

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confidence: 94%

Relationships Between Premonitory Urge and Anxiety in Youth With Chronic Tic Disorders

Rozenman¹,

Johnson²,

Chang³

et al. 2014

Children's Health Care

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Tourette's Disorder and other chronic tic disorders are common neurodevelopmental conditions. One characteristic of tic disorders is the premonitory urge, an aversive or unpleasant sensory phenomenon that may precede tics. Initial examination of premonitory urge in pediatric tic disorders suggests that awareness and experience of sensations preceding tics may be related to anxiety and OCD. However, it may be possible that specific anxiety-related symptoms, such as anxious physiologic arousal, are particularly relevant to the experience of premonitory urge. The current study examines relationships between tic-related premonitory urge and anxiety-related symptom clusters in treatment-seeking youths with a primary diagnoses of Tourette's or other chronic tic disorder. The sample consisted of 124 youth, ages 9 to 17, who participated in the multi-site Comprehensive Behavioral Intervention for Tics randomized controlled trial (CBIT; Piacentini et al., 2010). Specific anxiety-related subtypes, including generalized worry, separation, social, and panic/somatic symptoms, as well as severity of obsessions and compulsions, were assessed as potential correlates of premonitory urge. Findings indicated that age, global tic-related impairment, and specific panic/somatic symptoms accounted for a substantial proportion of variance in youth report of premonitory urge. These findings provide information about the characteristics of premonitory urge in pediatric tic disorders, and have implications for the treatment of pediatric tic syndromes.

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confidence: 94%

Relationships Between Premonitory Urge and Anxiety in Youth With Chronic Tic Disorders

Rozenman¹,

Johnson²,

Chang³

et al. 2014

Children's Health Care

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“…Approximately 0.3%–0.8% of youth are estimated to be affected by CTDs (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2009). Although tics are the hallmark symptom of CTDs, youth with CTDs regularly present with co-occurring psychiatric conditions [e.g., attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), non-OCD anxiety disorders; Freeman et al, 2000; Specht et al, 2011; Lebowitz et al, 2012], social and emotional difficulties (Carter et al, 2000; Tabori Kraft et al, 2012; McGuire et al, 2013) and disruptive behaviors (Sukhodolsky et al, 2003; Tabori Kraft et al, 2012). Youth with CTDs experience significant impairment (Conelea et al, 2011) that often affects multiple domains of functioning (Storch et al, 2007a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Living with tics: Reduced impairment and improved quality of life for youth with chronic tic disorders

McGuire

Arnold

Park

et al. 2015

Psychiatry Research

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Pharmacological and behavioral interventions have focused on reducing tic severity to alleviate tic-related impairment for youth with chronic tic disorders (CTDs), with no existing intervention focused on the adverse psychosocial consequences of tics. This study examined the preliminary efficacy of a modularized cognitive behavioral intervention ("Living with Tics", LWT) in reducing tic-related impairment and improving quality of life relative to a waitlist control of equal duration. Twenty-four youth (ages 7–17 years) with Tourette Disorder or Chronic Motor Tic Disorder and psychosocial impairment participated. A treatment-blind evaluator conducted all pre- and post-treatment clinician-rated measures. Youth were randomly assigned to receive the LWT intervention (n=12) or a 10-week waitlist (n=12). The LWT intervention consisted of up to 10 weekly sessions targeted at reducing tic-related impairment and developing skills to manage psychosocial consequences of tics. Youth in the LWT condition experienced significantly reduced clinician-rated tic-impairment, and improved child-rated quality of life. Ten youth (83%) in the LWT group were classified as treatment responders compared to four youth in the waitlist condition (33%). Treatment gains were maintained at one-month follow-up. Findings provide preliminary data that the LWT intervention reduces tic-related impairment and improves quality of life for youth with CTDs.

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“…Children receiving psychotropic medication were eligible if the dose had been stable for 6 weeks or longer at the time of study entry. A detailed description of the original study sample, as well as inclusion and exclusion criteria, can be found in Piacentini et al (2010) and Specht et al (2011). Although the original sample included 126 children, 3 children were excluded from the current study due to missing data.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Correlates and Predictors of Caregiver Strain in Children With Chronic Tic Disorders

Ramanujam

Himle

Hayes

et al. 2014

Children's Health Care

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Although tics are the defining feature of chronic tic disorders (CTD), many children experience comorbid internalizing and externalizing problems that contribute to impairment across several domains, including family functioning. The current study examined clinical correlates and predictors of caregiver strain in parents of children with CTD. Participants were 123 children and adolescents diagnosed with a CTD who participated in a randomized-controlled trial of behavior therapy for reducing tics. Results showed that a combination of disruptive behavior, inattention/hyperactivity, and tic intensity best explained objective strain and a combination of inattention/hyperactivity and tic intensity were the best predictors of subjective caregiver strain. Implications of these findings for care providers are discussed.

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Clinical Characteristics of Children and Adolescents with a Primary Tic Disorder

Cited by 76 publications

References 48 publications

Relationships Between Premonitory Urge and Anxiety in Youth With Chronic Tic Disorders

Relationships Between Premonitory Urge and Anxiety in Youth With Chronic Tic Disorders

Living with tics: Reduced impairment and improved quality of life for youth with chronic tic disorders

Clinical Correlates and Predictors of Caregiver Strain in Children With Chronic Tic Disorders

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