Clinical Characteristics of Adrenal Hemangioma

Abstract

Objective Adrenal hemangioma (AH) is a rare, benign adrenal tumor often detected incidentally by imaging. This retrospective study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics of AH, including clinical and diagnostic imaging features, to improve the recognition and understanding of AH. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of patients diagnosed with AH at Peking Union Medical College Hospital between 2008 and 2022. Clinical manifestations, adrenal hormone levels, imaging findings, treatment approaches, and pathological results were collected and analyzed. Results Of the 7140 adrenal tumor patients, 40 (0.56%) had AH confirmed postoperatively. The mean age at diagnosis was 53.9 years, with a female predominance. Most (70%) were asymptomatic and diagnosed incidentally. Misdiagnosis before surgery was common, most frequently as pheochromocytoma. Imaging characteristics, especially enhanced CT, revealed distinct features based on tumor size. Surgery was the main treatment, with laparoscopic adrenalectomy preferred. Conclusion This study elucidates the clinical characteristics of AH, including demographics, diagnostic challenges, and imaging features. AH often presents incidentally and is frequently misdiagnosed preoperatively. Recognizing distinct imaging characteristics and appropriate surgical management can enable accurate diagnosis and optimal treatment.