Clinical characteristics and viral etiologies of outpatients with acute respiratory infections in Huzhou of China: a retrospective study

Abstract

BackgroundViruses are commonly found in patients with acute respiratory infections (ARIs). However, the viral etiologies and clinical characteristics of outpatients with ARIs are poorly understood in China. Here, we identified the viral etiologies in outpatients with ARIs in Huzhou, China.ResultsOur results indicated that of 426 outpatients, 246 were positive for viruses. Of them, 221 were positive for a single virus, including influenza A, which comprised H3N2 (28.5%) and pandemic H1N1 (2009) (19.0%), enterovirus (10.4%), and influenza B (8.6%). Other single viruses were detected at less than 8.0%. Twenty-five patients were positively coinfected with two viruses. The prevalent viruses in coinfections were rhinovirus and H3N2 virus (28.0%). Viruses were major pathogens in young children (< 5 years) (75.0%). Coinfections were prevalent in older adults (11.9%) and young children (9.5%). Virus-positive outpatients presented higher temperatures and more sore throat, fatigue and shortness of breath than virus-negative outpatients. ARIs and most virus detections peaked during the winter, but enteroviruses emerged between April and September.ConclusionViruses are major agents of ARIs among outpatients in Huzhou, China. There was a variation in the distribution of viruses across different age groups and seasons. These findings are beneficial for planning prevention and treatment services for outpatients with ARIs.

Etiological analysis of virus, mycoplasma pneumoniae and chlamydia pneumoniae in hospitalized children with acute respiratory infections in Huzhou

“…Wang H, et al had reported the nearly result in Shenzhen [16], but it was lower than in 22 provinces of China (36.6%) and Shandong (35.75%) [7,13]. The overall infection rate decreased with the increase of children's age, these results suggested that pathogens in ARIs were closely associated with patient's age which affects exposure opportunities to viruses and immune status, the result is consistent with the previous report [18]. The single infection rate in infants is as high as 18.84%.…”

“…In our study, respiratory pathogen infections had major seasonal changes, most of which occurred in the winter and were lowest in the spring. Similar results were reported in other studies [18,32], which is different from Shenzhen and Shandong [2,7]. The difference in seasonal pathogen detection is affected by a variety of factors, among which climate is an important factor, such as the time of sunlight exposure, temperature, humidity and so on, which change the duration of the virus in the environment [33].…”

Detection and clinical characteristics analysis of respiratory viruses in hospitalized children with acute respiratory tract infections by a GeXP‐based multiplex‐PCR assay

“…Presently, several diagnostic methods for the detection of respiratory virus, including virus culture, viral‐antigen detection, and viral‐antibody detection have been described . Virus culture is a gold standard method; however, this method is labor‐intensive and time‐consuming, making it impractical to be used in the clinical laboratory .…”

“…It is well known that ARTI prevalence in children may vary in different geographic regions and different seasons . However, information regarding viral ARTI in pediatric hospitalized children in Fuzhou city (central Fujian) is still limited.…”

Treatment of influenza and other acute respiratory viral infections in patients with diabetes mellitus

“…. При этом тяжелое осложненное течение, необходимость госпитализаций и неблагоприятный прогноз ОРВИ характерны для ко-инфекций, больше распространенных среди пожилых и детей младшего возраста, а также для пациентов, зараженных вирусом иммунодефицита человека либо имеющих соматические факторы риска [13,[15][16][17]. К последним можно отнести не только хронические заболевания дыхательных путей, включая бронхиальную астму, но и хронические заболевания сердечно-сосудистой системы, а также сахарный диабет (СД), распространенность которого в мире постоянно увеличивается.…”