Clinical Characteristics and Serotype Distribution of &lt;i&gt;Campylobacter jejuni&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Campylobacter coli&lt;/i&gt; Isolated from Diarrhoeic Patients in Dhaka, Bangladesh, and Cape Town, South Africa

Alam, Khorshed; Lastovica, Albert J.; Roux, E. Le; Hossain, M. Anowar; Islam, Md. Nazrul; Sen, Sudipta; Sur, G C; Nair, G. Balakrish; Sack, David A.

doi:10.3329/bjm.v23i2.875

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…curvus and C . sputorum because these species presented the lowest prevalence (0.02% for both) and were tested in the same study from South Africa [ 67 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review and meta-analysis reveal that Campylobacter spp. and antibiotic resistance are widespread in humans in sub-Saharan Africa

et al. 2021

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Introduction Campylobacter spp. are zoonotic bacteria that cause gastroenteritis in humans worldwide, whose main symptom is diarrhea. In certain cases, extra intestinal manifestations may occur, such as Guillain Barré syndrome. The bacteria cause severe diarrhea mostly in children and in immunocompromised individuals. This review aims to address the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in humans in sub-Saharan Africa. It also aims to understand the impact of HIV in the prevalence, as well as to report data on antibiotic resistance and propose research priorities. Methods We followed PRISMA guidelines to find studies on the occurrence of Campylobacter spp. in humans in all countries from sub-Saharan Africa. Studies published between 2000 and 2020 were searched in PubMed, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, African Index Medicus, African Journals Online, Google Scholar and Science Direct. We have conducted a random-effect meta-analysis and calculated the proportion of resistant isolates to different antibiotics. Results and discussion We found 77 studies that described such occurrence in humans in 20 out of 53 sub-Saharan African countries. Campylobacter jejuni was the most prevalent species. Pooled prevalence was 9.9% (CI: 8.4%–11.6%). No major variations within the different sub-regions were found. Most studies reported Campylobacter spp. as the cause of diarrhea, mainly in children. Some studies reported the bacteria as a possible etiologic agent of acute flaccid paralysis and urinary tract infection. Campylobacter spp. presented a higher pooled prevalence in HIV infected patients, although not statistically significant. High proportions of resistant strains were reported for many antibiotics, including erythromycin and tetracycline. Conclusion Campylobacter spp. occur in sub-Saharan Africa, although information is scarce or inexistent for many countries. Research priorities should include investigation of the understudied species; extra intestinal manifestations; the impact of HIV infection and associated risk factors. Control strategies should be reinforced to contain the spread of this pathogen and drug resistance.

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“…curvus and C . sputorum because these species presented the lowest prevalence (0.02% for both) and were tested in the same study from South Africa [ 67 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review and meta-analysis reveal that Campylobacter spp. and antibiotic resistance are widespread in humans in sub-Saharan Africa

et al. 2021

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“…Earlier studies in Bangladesh reported a variable level of prevalence rate during the 1990s ranging from 17 to 26% with C. jejuni [19,20] and 9.45% with C. jejuni and 2.68% with C. coli spanning from 2005 to 2008 [21]. A few separate studies confirmed 8.5% prevalence for Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in fecal specimens [22] and 15.3% and 11.3% prevalence of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli, respectively [23]. However, a most recent study confirmed the prevalence of C. jejuni/coli as 28.3% in 2019 [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Campylobacter Species in Diarrheal Patients in Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Rahman

Paul

Hoque

et al. 2021

BioMed Research International

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Campylobacter enteritis is the leading cause of gastroenteritis in humans worldwide including Bangladesh. The objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence and antimicrobial-resistance status of Campylobacter spp. in human diarrheal samples collected from Surya Kanta Hospital, Mymensingh, Bangladesh. In this study, we evaluated a total of 330 clinical samples for the presence Campylobacter spp. via cultural and biochemical tests and molecular assays. Furthermore, antimicrobial susceptibility testing for Campylobacter species was accomplished by the standard agar disc diffusion technique against eight commercially available antimicrobial agents. A pretested semistructured questionnaire was used to capture the data on socioanthropological factors from the diarrheal patients. Pearson’s chi-square test was performed, and a p value of <0.05 was considered for the level of significance. Nearly one in three diarrheal patients admitted in this hospital were infected with Campylobacter spp. Overall prevalence of Campylobacter spp. was estimated to be 31.5% (104/330) that comprised the prevalence of C. jejuni, 21.8% ( n = 72 ), and C. coli, 9.6% ( n = 32 ). Among the positive cases, the prevalence of Campylobacter was higher in the age group 0-5 years (52%) followed by 6-18 years (42.7%), 19-40 years (34.0%), 41-60 years (25.4%), and >60 years (10.5%). Age, family level’s personal hygiene, and involvement with animal husbandry were captured as potential determinants to be associated with the Campylobacter positive status. Among the isolates, 27.3% ( n = 20 ) of C. jejuni and 31.2% ( n = 10 ) of C. coli demonstrated as multidrug-resistant (MDR) to three or more antimicrobial agents. The present study shows that Campylobacter spp. is most prevalent among the hospital-admitted diarrheal patients, and proper measures should be taken to reduce the burden focusing on the potential determinants.

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“…Human illnesses are dominantly associated with C. jejuni, however, other Campylobacter species of clinical significance are emerging [5]. Differences identified in clinical presentation and serotype distribution indicate that reservoirs and patterns of illness differ at both the local and regional scale [6]. Risk factors for contracting campylobacterosis in developing countries are associated with environmental exposures, including animal contact, contaminated food, source of drinking water, and sanitation access [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthropogenic landscapes increase Campylobacter jejuni infections in urbanizing banded mongoose (Mungos mungo): A one health approach

2020

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Background Campylobacter is a common, but neglected foodborne-zoonotic pathogen, identified as a growing cause of foodborne disease worldwide. Wildlife and domestic animals are considered important reservoirs, but little is known about pathogen infection dynamics in free-ranging mammalian wildlife particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. In countries like Botswana, there is significant overlap between humans and wildlife, with the human population having one of the highest HIV infection rates in the world, increasing vulnerability to infection. Methodology/Principal findings We investigated Campylobacter occurrence in archived human fecal samples (children and adults, n = 122, 2011), feces from free-ranging banded mongooses (Mungos mungo, n = 201), surface water (n = 70), and river sediment samples (n = 81) collected in 2017 from the Chobe District, northern Botswana. Campylobacter spp. was widespread in humans (23.0%, 95% CI 13.9-35.4%), with infections dominantly associated with C. jejuni (82.1%, n = 28, 95% CI 55.1-94.5%). A small number of patients presented with asymptomatic infections (n = 6). While Campylobacter spp. was rare or absent in environmental samples, over half of sampled mongooses tested positive (56%, 95% CI 45.6-65.4%). Across the urbanwilderness continuum, we found significant differences in Campylobacter spp. detection associated with the type of den used by study mongooses. Mongooses utilizing man-made structures as den sites had significantly higher levels of C. jejuni infection (p = 0.019) than mongooses using natural dens. Conversely, mongooses using natural dens had overall higher levels of detection of Campylobacter at the genus level (p = 0.001). Conclusions These results suggest that landscape features may have important influences on Campylobacter species exposure and transmission dynamics in wildlife. In particular, data suggest PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES

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Clinical Characteristics and Serotype Distribution of <i>Campylobacter jejuni</i> and <i>Campylobacter coli</i> Isolated from Diarrhoeic Patients in Dhaka, Bangladesh, and Cape Town, South Africa

Cited by 11 publications

References 9 publications

A systematic review and meta-analysis reveal that Campylobacter spp. and antibiotic resistance are widespread in humans in sub-Saharan Africa

A systematic review and meta-analysis reveal that Campylobacter spp. and antibiotic resistance are widespread in humans in sub-Saharan Africa

Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Campylobacter Species in Diarrheal Patients in Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Anthropogenic landscapes increase Campylobacter jejuni infections in urbanizing banded mongoose (Mungos mungo): A one health approach

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