Clinical characteristics and outcomes of measles outbreak in adults: A multicenter retrospective observational study of 93 hospitalized adults in Greece

Fragkou, Paraskevi C.; Thomas, Konstantinos; Sympardi, Styliani; Liatsos, George D.; Pirounaki, Maria; Sambatakou, Helen; Marantos, Theodoros; Karofylakis, Emmanouil; Dourakis, Spyridon P.; Tsiodras, Sotirios; Kavvatha, Dimitra

doi:10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104608

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Clusters of unvaccinated or incompletely vaccinated people, including HCW and non-HCW CPR providers, are susceptible to acquire measles from infected patients, leading to outbreaks, as seen in many countries during the last few years ( 31 , 32 ). Measles is one of the world’s most contagious diseases, with a basic reproduction number of about 12 to 18 ( 33 ).…”

Section: Epidemiology and Risk Of Infection Transmission During Cprmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission of Infections during Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

et al. 2021

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Section: Epidemiology and Risk Of Infection Transmission During Cprmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission of Infections during Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

et al. 2021

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“…Although the epidemic was contained in Greece in 2019, there was a significant increase in other European countries in the same year, with a total of 13,460 cases. Similarly, an outbreak with 1282 cases was reported in the United States of America during 2019, a country that declared measles elimination in 2000 [23]. Figure 1 shows the total incidence of measles in the Republic of Kazakhstan from 1998 to 2019.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Epidemiology Survey of Measles in Kazakhstan

Zhuzzhasarova

Baesheva

Turdalina

et al. 2021

Open Access Maced J Med Sci

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BACKGROUND: Measles (rubella) is a highly contagious disease that is caused by a virus in the Paramyxoviridae family. The measles virus is directly responsible for more than 100,000 deaths each year. Epidemiological studies have linked measles to increased morbidity and mortality many years after infection, but the reasons underlying this phenomenon are poorly understood. The virus attacks immune cells, causing acute suppression of the immune system. The World Health Organization recommends a two-dose vaccination policy, with the first dose administered during the 1st year of life, and coverage should be maintained in at least 90–95% of the population to halt transmission. In many countries, the measles vaccine is included in the immunization program and is freely available to all. Today, despite active immunization of the population, measles still occurs in the Republic of Kazakhstan. AIM: The objective of our study was to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of measles in the Republic of Kazakhstan during the rise of the disease. METHODS: Statistical data were obtained from the Committee on Public Health Protection on the incidence of measles in The Republic of Kazakhstan for the period from November 1, 2018 to December 30, 2019. STUDY DESIGN: Epidemiology survey. RESULTS: The article contains epidemiological data on the incidence of measles in the regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan among children, age, and gender characteristics. CONCLUSION: In the period from November 2018 to December 2019, there was a tendency to increase the incidence of measles in the republic. In terms of morbidity, Nur-Sultan was the leader, where the number of cases was 22.9% (n = 3181). The largest number of registered cases, 58.2% (n = 5745), occurred in children aged 1–14 years. Measles remains an unresolved global problem and groups of undervaccinated and unvaccinated populations remain vulnerable during epidemics.

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“…Measles is almost always a self-limiting illness in children, with the rare occurrence of transitory post-measles immunosuppression through elimination of the existing antibody repertoire against other pathogens and long-term immunological sequelae [ 14 , 15 , 16 ]. Fatalities occur with complications involving the respiratory and central nervous system, and the risk of severe disease increases through adolescence to adulthood, with the illness atypically manifesting among immunocompromised individuals [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ]. The diagnosis can be confirmed with molecular techniques, such as reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction or through serology, with measles virus-specific immunoglobulin (Ig)M antibody peaks seen when the rash is almost confluent, and the peak of IgG antibody observed with the resolution of symptoms, at which point the patient is no longer considered infectious.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Case Report of Secondary Syphilis Co-Infected with Measles: A Diagnostic Dilemma with Fever and Rash

et al. 2022

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Fever and rash as manifestations of infection by microorganisms are collectively known as febrile exanthem. Since viruses are more frequently associated with fever and rash, these symptoms are thus impetuously termed viral exanthem. However, bacteria represent a frequently overlooked infectious etiology causing rash in humans. In addition, certain microbes may exhibit pathognomonic features that erupt during illness and facilitate clinical diagnosis. Conversely, coinfections often obscure the clinical characteristics of the primary disease and further challenge clinicians attempting to reach a diagnosis. We retrospectively looked at de-identified clinical data of a patient who presented to the Hospital for Tropical Diseases in Bangkok in July 2019 with complaints of fever and rash. The case involved a 35-year-old who presented with a 3-day history of fever, respiratory symptoms, myalgia, conjunctivitis, diarrhea, and a generalized maculopapular rash. On examination, the patient was febrile, tachycardic, and tachypneic, with a mean arterial pressure of 95 mmHg. A differential white blood cell count showed: leukocytes, 5800/µL; neutrophils, 4408/µL; lymphocytes, 406/µL; and platelets, 155,000/µL. Striking findings involving the integumentary system included Koplik’s spots and generalized maculopapular rash. Further serology revealed positive immunoglobulin (Ig)M and IgG for both measles and rubella virus, including reactive serology for Treponema pallidum. Here we describe the clinical course and management of this patient.

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Clinical characteristics and outcomes of measles outbreak in adults: A multicenter retrospective observational study of 93 hospitalized adults in Greece

Abstract: Graphical abstract

Cited by 13 publications

References 29 publications

Transmission of Infections during Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

Transmission of Infections during Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

Epidemiology Survey of Measles in Kazakhstan

A Case Report of Secondary Syphilis Co-Infected with Measles: A Diagnostic Dilemma with Fever and Rash

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