Clinical characteristics and in-hospital mortality of COVID-19 adult patients in Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Objectives: To provide a detailed study of demographic, baseline comorbidities, clinical features, and outcome for Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Methods: A record-based case-series study conducted from March 23 to June 15, 2020 in King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Demographic data, clinical presentation, laboratory investigations, complications, and in-hospital outcome of COVID-19 patients collected with analysis of the clinical characteristics for survivors and deceased. Results: A total of 768 patients were included. The mean age was 46.36±13.7 years and 76.7% were men. Approximately 96.3% reported more than one comorbidity; diabetes mellitus was the most frequent (46.4%). Fever (84.5%), cough (82.3%), and shortness of breath (79.8%) were the main presenting symptoms. During the follow-up, pneumonia reported in 68.6%, acute respiratory distress syndrome in 32.7%, septic shock in 20.7%, respiratory failure in 20.3%, and acute kidney injury in 19.3%. Approximately 45.8% of enrolled patients required intensive care unit admission. Lung disease (odd ratio [OR]=3.862 with 95% confident interval [CI] (2.455-6.074), obesity (OR=3.732, CI=2.511-5.546), smoking (OR=2.991, CI=2.072-4.317), chronic kidney disease (OR=2.296. CI=1.497-3.521), and diabetes mellitus (OR=2.291, CI=1.714-3.063) are predictors of ICU admission. Fatality ratio was 89/2084 (4.27%). Men were more prevalent in dead group. Conclusion: Coronavirus disease 2019 places a huge burden on healthcare facilities, particularly in patients with comorbidity. Coronavirus disease 2019 patients who are obese and smokers with history of diabetes mellitus have a high risk of death.

COVID-19 among people with diabetes mellitus in Saudi Arabia: Current situation and new perspectives

“…At King Abdullah Hospital in Bisha Province, Saudi Arabia, another retrospective study was done from March 20 to June 30, 2020, where 37 (27 %) of the 137 patients revealed diabetes [ 35 ]. In King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, 768 COVID-19 patients were used in a record-based, case-series study, from March 23, 2020, to June 15, 2020, where 96.3 % were identified with the presence of more than one comorbidity of which the most frequent was diabetes mellitus (46.4 %) [ 36 ]. Another study from King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, conducted from March 1, 2020, to June 30, 2020, found diabetes to be the most frequent (37.3 %) comorbidities among COVID-19 patients [ 37 ].…”

Awareness and Practice of COVID-19 Precautionary Measures Among Healthcare Professionals in Saudi Arabia

“… 1 Symptoms range from mild to severe pathological manifestations of the disease in the infected population with comorbidities, which are often linked to acute respiratory distress syndrome. 2 , 3 The 21st century has seen three new coronaviruses evolve to pose a global challenge to public health. The newly identified SARS‐CoV-2 shares similarities with the previously identified severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), such as animal reservoirs, unpredictable emergence, rapid spread and serious infectious outcomes in humans.…”

The Incidence of Acute Pulmonary Embolism with COVID-19 Pneumonia in Saudi Arabia: A retrospective single-center study

“…Multiple systems, including the respiratory, cardiovascular, neurological, musculoskeletal, and gastrointestinal systems, may be affected. The condition may rapidly deteriorate to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in high-risk patients such as elderly and those with other medical comorbidities, such as heart, lung, kidney, or liver disorders [ 4 ].…”