Clinical Changes and Uterine Hemodynamic in Pyometra Medically Treated Bitches

Abstract

Cystic endometrial hyperplasia–pyometra complex is a canine endometrial disorder, considered the most common and important among uterine diseases. The treatment of choice is ovariohysterectomy, but medical treatments have become an alternative. However, no studies have been performed in order to evaluate uterine hemodynamic changes during medical treatment for pyometra bitches. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of two medical protocols by means of clinical (heart rate, respiratory rate and body temperature), medullar response (complete blood count (CBC)) and uterine hemodynamic evaluation in pyometra bitches. For such purpose, 10 bitches with pyometra were assigned to two groups: Aglepristone Group (n = 5) and Associative Group (aglepristone + prostaglandin; n = 5). The Associative Group had altered respiratory rate and decreased body temperature. The Aglepristone Group had decreased plasma protein, however, leukocyte count reduced over time for both therapeutic protocols. Uterine area and vascularization score decreased throughout treatment. There was a significant reduction in uterine perimeter, area and vascularization score. The Associative Group had lower final diastolic velocity and higher systole:diastole ratio (S/D), pulsatility index (PI) and resistance index (RI). In conclusion, both medical treatments are effective in reversing clinical and CBC changes of pyometra, especially aglepristone, however they cannot fully restore local uterine changes in a short-term evaluation. Conversely, associative therapy was more effective in decreasing uterine vascularization and modulating uterine blood flow.

Transmissible venereal tumours (TVT) in bitches: A haematological, biochemical and histopathological study

“…Still pathologies of variable etiologies like congenital, endocrine, autoimmune, infectious, traumatic and neoplastic disorders exist in canine reproductive tract. The most common hormonal disorder reported in female dogs include cystic endometrial hyperplasia-pyometra complex which has been studied extensively since years and several therapeutic agents have been recommended for successful intervention (Jena et al, 2013, Rosa et al, 2020and Singh et al, 2020 [10,19,20] . The next commonly reported contagious disorder is canine transmissible venereal tumour which is a naturally occurring allograft, an undifferentiated neoplasm of round cells of reticuloendothelial origin that is sexually transmitted and primarily affects the external genitalia of both sexes.…”

Prostaglandin and antigestagen in pyometra bitches: vascular and stereological effect

“…According to our previous results, all bitches had histological cystic endometrial hyperplasia (CEH) and compatible uterine blood flow changes (Rosa Filho et al, 2020). Uterine area was higher in the OHE Group at day 0 (7.03±1.75 cm²) compared to the Aglepristone Group (2.38±0.80 cm²) and Associative Group (2.77±0.45 cm²) at day 9 after onset of treatment.…”

“…There was a significant interaction between groups and degrees for the uterine artery peak systolic velocity (P=0.07), end diastolic velocity (P=0.07) and TAMAX (P=0.07). Data on the ultrasound examination of pyometra bitches on day 1 (before treatment in the aglepristone and associative groups) are shown by Rosa Filho et al (2020). For the evaluation of blood flow of the less compromised uterine horn, peak systolic velocity (PS) was higher in the Associative Group (89.49 ±7.57 cm/s), compared to the OHE Group (52.84 ±8.11 cm/s) (Fig.…”

“…We were not able to demonstrate any differences among groups or between degrees (less and more compromised uterine horns) for the immunohistochemical analysis of e-NOS or blood NO (Table 2). Data on blood NO of pyometra bitches on day 1 (before treatment in the aglepristone and associative groups) are shown by Rosa Filho et al (2020).…”

“…Although conservative treatment protocols have proven efficient for pyometra bitches in a clinical point of view (Fieni, 2006;Uçmak and Tek, 2008;Jena et al, 2013;Ros et al, 2014;Contri et al, 2015;Rosa Filho et al, 2020), a more in-depth analysis is still lacking. Until now, no studies have attested the effectiveness of pyometra medical therapy in restoring uterine blood flow, vascular and morphological changes in bitches.…”