Clinical Biochemistry year in review — The clinical “good”, the analytical “bad”, and the “ugly” laboratory practices

Kavsak, Peter A.; Hammett‐Stabler, Catherine A.

doi:10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2014.11.015

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Выбор правильной матрицы последующего анализа образцов с помощью обратной транскрипции и ПЦР яв ляется сложной задачей при поиске новых биомаркеров, и с практической точки зрения, имеет очень важные по следствия для конечного результата, т.е. аналитического выхода [110,111].…”

Section: важность преаналитической фазы в спортивной медицинеunclassified

Preanalytical features of the determination of circulating microRNAs as new specific biomarkers of the body’s response to physical activity

Postnikov

Пронина

2021

jour

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MicroRNAs are small non-coding single-stranded RNAs, 18 to 25 nucleotides long, they regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level through specific binding to the target mRNA, leading to its degradation. In recent decades, the development of technologies for determining the expression profiles of miRNAs has become an important part of research projects, and the role of miRNAs as potential highly informative molecular biomarkers of various physiological and pathological processes in the body is actively explored by the scientific community. In particular, physical activity is an important modifying factor for circulating miRNAs. Unlike classical blood biochemical parameters, which can change over time depending on the temperature and storage conditions of the sample, microRNAs remain stable during storage and even after multiple freeze-thaw cycles, which makes them an attractive and easily accessible target for detection. However, the determination of the microRNA expression profile in clinical practice is still difficult due to the high heterogeneity of analytical procedures used for testing. In sports medicine, the preanalytical stage is especially important, since often the conditions for sampling are not standardized and can affect the analysis result. This review shows the role of miRNAs as new sensitive biomarkers of the effectiveness of the training process and regulators of the body’s response to physical activity, and also discusses some preanalytical aspects of the analysis of miRNA expression profiles.

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Section: важность преаналитической фазы в спортивной медицинеunclassified

Preanalytical features of the determination of circulating microRNAs as new specific biomarkers of the body’s response to physical activity

Postnikov

Пронина

2021

jour

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“…• Source/matrix, sample collection and handling Other fundamental aspects for the biomarker validation process are the identification of the proper matrix/source [50,51], the collection, and the manipulation of the chosen sample. In case of healthy subjects, the quantification of miRNA levels both in plasma and serum samples shows reliable, stable, and reproducible results [10,38].…”

Section: • Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Clinical Potential of Circulating miRNAs as Biomarkers: Present and Future Applications for Diagnosis and Prognosis of Age-Associated Bone Diseases

2020

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Osteoporosis, related fracture/fragility, and osteoarthritis are age-related pathologies that, over recent years, have seen increasing incidence and prevalence due to population ageing. The diagnostic approaches to these pathologies suffer from limited sensitivity and specificity, also in monitoring the disease progression or treatment. For this reason, new biomarkers are desirable for improving the management of osteoporosis and osteoarthritis patients. The non-coding RNAs, called miRNAs, are key post-transcriptional factors in bone homeostasis, and promising circulating biomarkers for pathological conditions in which to perform a biopsy can be problematic. In fact, miRNAs can easily be detected in biological fluids (i.e., blood, serum, plasma) using methods with elevated sensitivity and specificity (RT-qPCR, microarray, and NGS). However, the analytical phases required for miRNAs’ evaluation still present some practical issues that limit their use in clinical practice. This review reveals miRNAs’ potential as circulating biomarkers for evaluating predisposition, diagnosis, and prognosis of osteoporosis (postmenopausal or idiopathic), bone fracture/fragility, and osteoarthritis, with a focus on pre-analytical, analytical, and post-analytical protocols used for their validation and thus on their clinical applicability. These evidences may support the definition of early diagnostic tools based on circulating miRNAs for bone diseases and osteoarthritis as well as for monitoring the effects of specific treatments.

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“…A key step in the validation of a novel biomarker is selection of the correct matrix (Livesey et al, 2008; Kavsak and Hammett-Stabler, 2014). Serum and plasma miRNAs evaluated in the same blood sample are stable, and measurements in healthy individuals are reproducible, consistent, and linkable (Chen et al, 2008; Mitchell et al, 2008).…”

Section: Mirnas As Biomarkersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspectives on miRNAs as Epigenetic Markers in Osteoporosis and Bone Fracture Risk: A Step Forward in Personalized Diagnosis

2019

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Aging is associated with an increased incidence of age-related bone diseases. Current diagnostics (e.g., conventional radiology, biochemical markers), because limited in specificity and sensitivity, can distinguish between healthy or osteoporotic subjects but they are unable to discriminate among different underlying causes that lead to the same bone pathological condition (e.g., bone fracture risk). Among recent, more sensitive biomarkers, miRNAs — the non-coding RNAs involved in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression, have emerged as fundamental post-transcriptional modulators of bone development and homeostasis. Each identified miRNA carries out a specific role in osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation and functional pathways (osteomiRs). miRNAs bound to proteins or encapsulated in exosomes and/or microvesicles are released into the bloodstream and biological fluids where they can be detected and measured by highly sensitive and specific methods (e.g., quantitative PCR, next-generation sequencing). As such, miRNAs provide a prompt and easily accessible tool to determine the subject-specific epigenetic environment of a specific condition. Their use as biomarkers opens new frontiers in personalized medicine. While miRNAs circulating levels are lower than those found in the tissue/cell source, their quantification in biological fluids may be strategic in the diagnosis of diseases that affect tissues, such as bone, in which biopsy may be especially challenging. For a biomarker to be valuable in clinical practice and support medical decisions, it must be (easily) measurable, validated by independent studies, and strongly and significantly associated with a disease outcome. Currently, miRNAs analysis does not completely satisfy these criteria, however. Starting from in vitro and in vivo observations describing their biological role in bone cell development and metabolism, this review describes the potential use of bone-associated circulating miRNAs as biomarkers for determining predisposition, onset, and development of osteoporosis and bone fracture risk. Moreover, the review focuses on their clinical relevance and discusses the pre-analytical, analytical, and post-analytical issues in their measurement, which still limits their routine application. Taken together, research and clinical findings may be helpful for creating miRNA-based diagnostic tools in the diagnosis and treatment of bone diseases.

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Clinical Biochemistry year in review — The clinical “good”, the analytical “bad”, and the “ugly” laboratory practices

Cited by 5 publications

References 47 publications

Preanalytical features of the determination of circulating microRNAs as new specific biomarkers of the body’s response to physical activity

Preanalytical features of the determination of circulating microRNAs as new specific biomarkers of the body’s response to physical activity

The Clinical Potential of Circulating miRNAs as Biomarkers: Present and Future Applications for Diagnosis and Prognosis of Age-Associated Bone Diseases

Perspectives on miRNAs as Epigenetic Markers in Osteoporosis and Bone Fracture Risk: A Step Forward in Personalized Diagnosis

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