Clinical Biochemistry and Hematology

Washington, Ida M.; Hoosier, Gerald Van

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-380920-9.00003-1

Cited by 111 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 153 publications

(320 reference statements)

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“…Literature references report normal sodium levels of 138–150 mEq/l (Gillet 1994), 131–155 mEq/l (Mader 2004, Washington and Van Hoosier 2011), 138–155 mEq/l (Hernandez-Divers 2005) and 134–150 mEq/l (Meredith and Crossley 2002) in rabbits. This means the lower limit proposed by different authors can vary up to 8 mEq/l from one to another literature source.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and types of hyponatraemia, its relationship with hyperglycaemia and mortality in ill pet rabbits

Bonvehí¹,

Ardiaca²,

Barrera³

et al. 2014

Veterinary Record

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Prevalence of hyponatraemia has not been extensively studied in pet rabbits, and the reference data for calculated plasma tonicity and osmolarity are not available. This retrospective clinical study reports the prevalence of hyponatraemia, hyposmolarity and hypotonicity in ill pet rabbits (n=356). The relationship between sodium and glucose levels was studied (n=134). Mortality rates within seven days associated with different sodium levels were calculated in ill rabbits (n=322). Venous blood samples in lithium heparin were processed using iStat EC8+ cartridges. The 95% RI for plasma sodium, calculated osmolarity and tonicity from 51 healthy pet rabbits were 136-147 mEq/l, 284-312 mOsm/l and 278-302 mOsm/l, respectively. The prevalence of hyponatraemia, hypotonicity and hyposmolarity was 39.0 per cent, 28.7 per cent and 18.0 per cent, respectively. Pseudohyponatraemia was present in 28.1 per cent and true hyponatraemia was present in 71.9 per cent of the cases of hyponatraemia. Sodium levels less than 129 mEq/l were found to be associated with 2.3-fold increase in mortality risk. Plasmatic sodium levels in rabbits decrease in conditions of hyperglycaemia in a similar manner as it occurs in human beings. As hyperglycaemia is quite a common condition in rabbits, simultaneous measurement of plasmatic sodium along with glucose in ill rabbits is advised. Hyponatraemia is a common condition in ill rabbits and, depending on its type (true hyponatraemia or pseudohyponatraemia), of varying clinical relevance. Calculation of plasmatic tonicity is necessary for differentiation of types of hyponatraemia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and types of hyponatraemia, its relationship with hyperglycaemia and mortality in ill pet rabbits

Bonvehí¹,

Ardiaca²,

Barrera³

et al. 2014

Veterinary Record

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“…For haematology the tubes were stored in a cooler box with ice packs and for serum biochemistry, samples were stored at room temperature for a maximum of 45 minutes to clot and then refrigerated at 4 °C (Washington & Van Hoosier, 2012). All analyses were conducted within 48 hours of collection (Buetow et al, 1999).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exogenous carbohydrases do not improve the physiological and meat quality parameters of female Japanese quail fed canola-based diets

Mnisi¹,

Mlambo²,

Phatudi³

et al. 2017

SA J. An. Sci.

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In an internally controlled environment, a feeding trial using 210 six-week-old female Japanese quail (189.63 ± 11.891 g liveweight) was conducted to evaluate the effect of carbohydrase-treated (endo-1.4-betaxylanase 5600 TXU/g and endo-1.4-beta-glucanase 2500 TGU/g) canola-based diets on growth performance, haemo-biochemical parameters, carcass characteristics, and meat quality traits. Five isocaloric and isonitrogenous experimental diets were formulated: the control diet (CON) (commercial growers diet with no canola meal (CM) included); the control diet in which 17.5% of soybean meal was replaced with CM (CM0); and the CM0 diet in which a carbohydrase multi-enzyme was added at a rate of 5%, 10% and 15% (CM50, CM100 and CM150, respectively). Diets and clean water were offered ad libitum during the fourweek experimental period. Average weekly feed intake (AWFI) and average weekly weight gain (AWG) were used to calculate feed conversion efficiency (FCE). In week 7, no dietary influence was observed on AWFI. In week 8 and week 9, CON stimulated lower AWFI compared with diet CM100. Diets had no significant influence on AWG, FCE, and haemo-biochemical parameters of Japanese quail. Adding carbohydrases had no significant effect on internal organs, carcass and meat quality traits of quail. It was therefore concluded that inclusion of exogenous carbohydrases alone did not improve the utilization of a canola meal-based quail diet. However, there is a possibility that utilization of higher canola levels would be enhanced through multienzyme combinations. ______________________________________________________________________________________

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“…3,4,11,12,18 The maximum volume of blood that can be safely withdrawn in a single sample is approximately 7.5% to 10% of the circulating blood volume. 11 Table 3 provides information to assist in determining the maximum safe blood sample volume in small pet rodents based on the animal's body weight.…”

Section: Blood Volume Collectedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[27][28][29] Reference values should be used as a tool for diagnosis and treatment, along with clinical signs and physical examination parameters, but not as the sole guide to determine if values are normal or abnormal. 3,4,11,12 Erythrocytes The approximate diameters of erythrocytes in small rodents are as follows: mouse, 5 to 7 mm; rat, 5.7 to 7 mm; and hamster, 5 to 7 mm. 3 Moderate anisocytosis is seen in mouse, rat, and hamster RBCs, with the diameter of some cells only one-third that of the standard RBC size.…”

Section: Morphology and Numbers Of Peripheral Blood Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is important to recognize that several variables affect hemogram results, including methods of sample collection, preparation of samples, equipment, reagents, methods of analysis, age, gender, circadian rhythm, breed, and environment of the animals being sampled. 3,4 As a resource for veterinarians and their technicians, this article describes the methods for collection of blood, identification of blood cells, and interpretation of the hemogram in mice, rats, gerbils and hamsters.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Hematologic Assessment in Pet Rats, Mice, Hamsters, and Gerbils

Lindstrom

Moore

Zimmerman

et al. 2015

Clinics in Laboratory Medicine

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Hamsters, gerbils, rats, and mice are presented to veterinary clinics and hospitals for prophylactic care and treatment of clinical signs of disease. Physical examination, history, and husbandry practice information can be supplemented greatly by assessment of hematologic parameters. As a resource for veterinarians and their technicians, this article describes the methods for collection of blood, identification of blood cells, and interpretation of the hemogram in mice, rats, gerbils, and hamsters.

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Clinical Biochemistry and Hematology

Cited by 111 publications

References 153 publications

Prevalence and types of hyponatraemia, its relationship with hyperglycaemia and mortality in ill pet rabbits

Prevalence and types of hyponatraemia, its relationship with hyperglycaemia and mortality in ill pet rabbits

Exogenous carbohydrases do not improve the physiological and meat quality parameters of female Japanese quail fed canola-based diets

Hematologic Assessment in Pet Rats, Mice, Hamsters, and Gerbils

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