Clinical assessment of selenium status of livestock2

Stowe, Howard D.; Herdt, Thomas H.

doi:10.2527/1992.70123928x

Cited by 125 publications

(89 citation statements)

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“…0.019) mmol/l. Reference values for blood Se concentrations include: ,1.52 mmol/l (Stowe and Herdt, 1992), ,1.00 mmol/l (Puls, 1994), ,0.95 mmol/l (Anderson et al, 1979), and for lamb blood Se concentrations ,0.13 mmol/l Grace and Knowles, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional status of adult ewes during early and mid-pregnancy. 2. Effects of supplementation with selenised yeast on ewe reproduction and offspring performance to weaning

Muñoz

Carson

McCoy

et al. 2008

Animal

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The objective of this study was to determine the effects of selenium (Se) supplementation of mature ewes in the period from day 214 to day 90 post mating on Se status, productivity and viability of ewes and their offspring. Multiparous crossbred ewes (n 5 82) were randomly assigned to receive a standard dried grass-based diet (control) or dried grass diet supplemented with 1 g of selenised yeast (Selplex R ), providing 0.5 mg Se per ewe per day. After day 90 post mating, all ewes were offered grassbased diets supplemented with a standard multivitamin and mineral mix, up to lambing. Ewes that were fed additional Se had increased (P , 0.001) activity of glutathione peroxidase enzyme (GPx) and increased plasma Se concentrations throughout the treatment period. At lambing, GPx activity of supplemented ewes was higher (P , 0.001) than that of controls. Twenty-four hours after birth, lambs of ewes given Se had higher (P , 0.001) concentration of Se in plasma, greater (P , 0.001) activity of GPx and better (P , 0.01) immune status. Lambs of ewes that received supplementation showed a faster progression to stand than control lambs (P , 0.05), independent of maternal behaviour which was not affected. Supplementation reduced perinatal lamb mortality (0.04 v. 0.17; P , 0.05). However, overall mortality from birth to weaning was unaffected (P . 0.05). Supplemented ewes weaned lambs on average 2 kg heavier than control ewes, due to the higher (P , 0.05) growth rates achieved by their offspring. In conclusion, for ewes with a marginal Se status, an organic source of Se supplemented throughout pregnancy, compared with supplementation only in the last trimester, positively affected measures of lamb viability and survival.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional status of adult ewes during early and mid-pregnancy. 2. Effects of supplementation with selenised yeast on ewe reproduction and offspring performance to weaning

Muñoz

Carson

McCoy

et al. 2008

Animal

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“…Salisbury et al (1991) in their investigations of selenium concentrations in organs of slaughtered animals found 280 µg.kg -1 and 920 µg.kg -1 in bovine liver and kidney tissues, respectively. Stowe and Herdt (1992) studied dependence of selenium concentrations in blood serum on age in various animal species and reported the ranges 50 to 80 ng.ml -1 for calves and lambs and 70 to 100 ng.ml -1 for adult cattle, while the concentrations in liver tissue varied between 1200 and 2000 ng.kg -1 dry matter irrespective of the age and species of animals. Zachara et al (1993) in their studies of effects of various doses of selenium in feeds on tissue concentrations in lambs found for animals receiving the basic amount of selenium the highest concentrations in kidneys (1320 µg.kg -1 wet tissue) and the lowest in striated muscles (30 µg.kg -1 wet tissue).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood and Tissue Selenium Concentrations in Calves Treated with Inorganic or Organic Selenium Compounds – a Comparison

Illek¹,

Pechová²

2001

Acta Vet. Brno

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Selenium concentrations were investigated in 5 calves treated parenterally with inorganic selenium (Group II), 5 calves treated orally with organic selenium (Group III), and 5 untreated control calves (Group I). Blood samples for analyses were collected at the beginning and at the end of the treatment period and tissue samples (liver, kidney, striated muscle, myocardium) after slaughter. Selenium was determined in the samples after microwave mineralisation using the hydride technique of AAS. Both treated groups showed highly significant increases in whole blood selenium concentrations (Group II from 53.4 ± 10.5 to 75.9 ± 4.0 µg.l -1 ; Group III from 70.25 ± 12.07 to 127.5 ± 16.7 µg.l -1 ). The comparison of tissue concentrations showed highly significant differences (P < 0.01) in the liver (213.3 ± 56.8, 206.5 ± 36.2 and 424.7 ± 88.4 µg.kg -1 wet tissue for the Groups I, II, and III, respectively), striated muscles (92.4 ± 29.2, 81.4 ± 12.1, and 263.4 ± 47.4 µg.kg -1 wet tissue for the Groups I, II and III, respectively), and myocardium (121.5 ± 31.8, 108.3 ± 9.6, and 251.4 ± 51.0 µg.kg -1 wet tissue for the Groups I, II and III, respectively) not only between Groups I and II, but also between Groups II and III. The among-group differences in selenium concentrations in the kidney (991.9 ± 49.1, 960.6 ± 36.3, and 1050.5 ± 336.8 µg.kg -1 wet tissue in the Groups I, II and III, respectively) were nonsignificant. It is apparent that oral administration of organic selenium resulted in higher tissue concentrations than parenteral administration of inorganic selenium. Highly significant (P < 0.01) correlations were found between selenium concentrations in the liver and striated muscles, in the liver and the myocardium, and in striated muscles and the myocardium (r = 0.78, 0.85, and 0.94, respectively). No relations were found between selenium concentrations in the kidney and other tissues. Highly significant (P < 0.01) correlations were also between the concentrations of selenium in the blood and in the liver, striated muscles, and the myocardium (r = 0.85, 0.80, and 0.77, respectively). Cattle, liver, striated muscle, myocardium, kidneyRecent knowledge of biological effects of trace elements has prompted studies of their effects on animal health and performance. The importance of such studies is enhanced by the use of trace elements as feed additives as a replacement for antibiotic and hormonal growth stimulants. Considerable attention in this respect is paid to selenium. The principal source of this element for animals are plants. Groce et al. (1995), who studied correlations between the contents of essential trace elements in soil, forages, and blood, found a highly significant correlation coefficient (r = 0.96) for selenium. Availability of soil selenium to plants depends on soil acidity, structure and degree of aeration. Availability of oxidised forms is higher than that of the reduced form which remains undissolved in the soil. Selenium is incorporated into plant tissues mostly in the form of selenomethionine pre...

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“…These authors stated that these ratios are not constant over a range of blood Se concentrations. Stowe and Herdt (1992) quoted whole blood to serum ratios of ca. 1 in swine, 1.4-1.5 in horses and llamas, 2.5 in dairy cattle and 4 in sheep, particularly neonates, suggesting species differences in this ratio.…”

Section: Ratio Between Selenium In Whole Blood and Plasmamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Langlands et al (1991) concluded that the two indices of Se status of the animal, whole blood and plasma Se, do not behalf similarly: Both are elevated following supplementation but thereafter plasma Se concentration falls exponentially and more rapidly than those in whole blood. Stowe and Herdt (1992) stated that this ratio would initially be narrow after an increase in oral Se intake and initially be wide on cessation of Se supplementation.…”

Section: Effects Of Dietary Composition and Source Of Seleniummentioning

confidence: 99%

Time-dependent effect of selenium supplementation on the relationship between selenium concentrations in whole blood and plasma of sheep

Ryssen

Coertze

Smith³

2013

Small Ruminant Research

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The ratio between selenium (Se) concentrations in pairs of plasma and whole blood of sheep after commencement of Se supplementation was calculated from data obtained from 10 independent investigations. The diets in the studies consisted of a variety of ingredients, from the individual feeding of feedlot diets to grazing trials on Se-deficient pastures. Means from 51 treatments, derived from 179 collections at various stages after commencement of Se supplementation, were used to calculate the ratios. In one study it was found that plasma Se concentration reached steady-state within 4 days of commencement, while Se in whole blood reached steady-state only at the collection 60 days after supplementation commenced. Using the 179 pairs, the ratio of whole blood and plasma stabilized at about 50 days after commencement when inorganic Se was supplemented, and at about 60-70 days when the Se was in the organic form. The ratios stabilized when they were between 2:1 and 3:1, and remained practically constant from 50 days post onset of supplementation, when plasma Se constituted 0.445 of whole blood Se concentration for the inorganic Se source and 0.410 when the Se source was organic. It was concluded that after commencement of Se intake, plasma Se concentration remains relatively constant from within 4 days of onset, while whole blood Se concentration apparently reaches steady-state only after approximately 50 days. Before 50 days, whole blood Se seems not to be reliable to predict the Se status of an animal. In a situation where Se intake is stable and Se requirements do not fluctuate, a bloodplasma ratio of between 2:1 and 3:1 would be a guideline to indicate that whole blood Se and plasma Se concentrations could both be used to assess the Se status of sheep.

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Clinical assessment of selenium status of livestock2

Cited by 125 publications

References 0 publications

Nutritional status of adult ewes during early and mid-pregnancy. 2. Effects of supplementation with selenised yeast on ewe reproduction and offspring performance to weaning

Nutritional status of adult ewes during early and mid-pregnancy. 2. Effects of supplementation with selenised yeast on ewe reproduction and offspring performance to weaning

Blood and Tissue Selenium Concentrations in Calves Treated with Inorganic or Organic Selenium Compounds – a Comparison

Time-dependent effect of selenium supplementation on the relationship between selenium concentrations in whole blood and plasma of sheep

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