Clinical Applications of Liquid Biopsy in Colorectal Cancer Screening: Current Challenges and Future Perspectives

Galos, Diana; Gorzo, Alecsandra; Bălăcescu, Ovidiu; Sur, Daniel

doi:10.3390/cells11213493

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 180 publications

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“…SncRNAs encompass several subtypes, including microRNAs (miRNAs), small nucleolar RNAs, small nuclear RNAs, piwi-interacting RNAs, and tRNA-derived small RNAs [ 127 ]. Among them, miRNAs are the most extensively studied factors in cancer research, and liquid biopsy identifies miRNAs actively secreted by CTCs and tumour cells themselves [ 128 , 129 ]. MiRNAs can influence genes, with thousands of miRNAs regulating approximately 60% of the genes.…”

Section: Biomarkers and Detection Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid biopsy techniques and pancreatic cancer: diagnosis, monitoring, and evaluation

Wang,

Pan

et al. 2023

Mol Cancer

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Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most common malignancies. Surgical resection is a potential curative approach for PC, but most patients are unsuitable for operations when at the time of diagnosis. Even with surgery, some patients may still experience tumour metastasis during the operation or shortly after surgery, as precise prognosis evaluation is not always possible. If patients miss the opportunity for surgery and resort to chemotherapy, they may face the challenging issue of chemotherapy resistance. In recent years, liquid biopsy has shown promising prospects in disease diagnosis, treatment monitoring, and prognosis assessment. As a noninvasive detection method, liquid biopsy offers advantages over traditional diagnostic procedures, such as tissue biopsy, in terms of both cost-effectiveness and convenience. The information provided by liquid biopsy helps clinical practitioners understand the molecular mechanisms underlying tumour occurrence and development, enabling the formulation of more precise and personalized treatment decisions for each patient. This review introduces molecular biomarkers and detection methods in liquid biopsy for PC, including circulating tumour cells (CTCs), circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA), noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), and extracellular vesicles (EVs) or exosomes. Additionally, we summarize the applications of liquid biopsy in the early diagnosis, treatment response, resistance assessment, and prognostic evaluation of PC.

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Section: Biomarkers and Detection Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid biopsy techniques and pancreatic cancer: diagnosis, monitoring, and evaluation

Wang,

Pan

et al. 2023

Mol Cancer

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“…The somatic mutations detectable in cfDNA could be instrumental in the rational assignment of immunotherapy and assessment of its effectiveness. For CRC, the total number of somatic mutations, also known as tumor mutation burden (TMB), could be one of the parameters to assess the response to immunotherapy [41,42] A high level of TMB (≥20 mutations/Mb) was found to be associated with microsatellite instability (MSI) or mutations in the two DNA polymerases (POLD and POLE) [42,43]. In a phase II trial, ctDNA was shown to be helpful in assessing the variant allele frequencies (VAFs) as a predictive biomarker for the immunotherapy of patients with solid tumors treated with an anti-PD1 agent.…”

Section: Ctdna For the Therapeutic Decisionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic and Transcriptomic Research in the Discovery and Application of Colorectal Cancer Circulating Markers

Ponomaryova,

Rykova,

Solovyova

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most frequently occurring malignancy in the world. However, the mortality from CRC can be reduced through early diagnostics, selection of the most effective treatment, observation of the therapy success, and the earliest possible diagnosis of recurrences. A comprehensive analysis of genetic and epigenetic factors contributing to the CRC development is needed to refine diagnostic, therapeutic, and preventive strategies and to ensure appropriate decision making in managing specific CRC cases. The liquid biopsy approach utilizing circulating markers has demonstrated its good performance as a tool to detect the changes in the molecular pathways associated with various cancers. In this review, we attempted to brief the main tendencies in the development of circulating DNA and RNA-based markers in CRC such as cancer-associated DNA mutations, DNA methylation changes, and non-coding RNA expression shifts. Attention is devoted to the existing circulating nucleic acid-based CRC markers, the possibility of their application in clinical practice today, and their future improvement. Approaches to the discovery and verification of new markers are described, and the existing problems and potential solutions for them are highlighted.

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“…CRC is often diagnosed at an advanced stage, when the disease has already spread to the lymph nodes and/or more distant organs. Since survival in CRC patients improves with early diagnosis, there is an urgent need for screening programs that are able to identify specific and early disease markers [ 4 , 5 , 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeting HDAC2-Mediated Immune Regulation to Overcome Therapeutic Resistance in Mutant Colorectal Cancer

Conte

Mauro

Capasso

et al. 2023

Cancers

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A large body of clinical and experimental evidence indicates that colorectal cancer is one of the most common multifactorial diseases. Although some useful prognostic biomarkers for clinical therapy have already been identified, it is still difficult to characterize a therapeutic signature that is able to define the most appropriate treatment. Gene expression levels of the epigenetic regulator histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) are deregulated in colorectal cancer, and this deregulation is tightly associated with immune dysfunction. By interrogating bioinformatic databases, we identified patients who presented simultaneous alterations in HDAC2, class II major histocompatibility complex transactivator (CIITA), and beta-2 microglobulin (B2M) genes based on mutation levels, structural variants, and RNA expression levels. We found that B2M plays an important role in these alterations and that mutations in this gene are potentially oncogenic. The dysregulated mRNA expression levels of HDAC2 were reported in about 5% of the profiled patients, while other specific alterations were described for CIITA. By analyzing immune infiltrates, we then identified correlations among these three genes in colorectal cancer patients and differential infiltration levels of genetic variants, suggesting that HDAC2 may have an indirect immune-related role in specific subgroups of immune infiltrates. Using this approach to carry out extensive immunological signature studies could provide further clinical information that is relevant to more resistant forms of colorectal cancer.

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Clinical Applications of Liquid Biopsy in Colorectal Cancer Screening: Current Challenges and Future Perspectives

Cited by 5 publications

References 180 publications

Liquid biopsy techniques and pancreatic cancer: diagnosis, monitoring, and evaluation

Liquid biopsy techniques and pancreatic cancer: diagnosis, monitoring, and evaluation

Genomic and Transcriptomic Research in the Discovery and Application of Colorectal Cancer Circulating Markers

Targeting HDAC2-Mediated Immune Regulation to Overcome Therapeutic Resistance in Mutant Colorectal Cancer

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