Clinical applications of infrared and Raman spectroscopy in the fields of cancer and infectious diseases

Abstract

Analytical technologies that can improve disease diagnosis are highly sought after. Current screening/diagnostic tests for several diseases are limited by their moderate diagnostic performance, invasiveness, costly and laborious methodologies or the need for multiple tests before a definitive diagnosis. Spectroscopic techniques, including infrared (IR) and Raman, have attracted great interest in the medical field, with applications expanding from early disease detection to monitoring and real-time diagnosis. This review highlights applications of IR and Raman spectroscopy, with a focus on cancer and infectious diseases since 2015, and underscores the diverse sample types that can be analyzed, such as biofluids, cells and tissues. Studies involving more than 25 participants per group (disease and control group; if no control group >25 in disease group) were considered eligible, to retain the clinical focus of the paper. Following literature searches, we identified 94 spectroscopic studies on different cancers and 30 studies on infectious diseases. The review KEYWORDS

Haemoprocessor: A Portable Platform Using Rapid Acoustically Driven Plasma Separation Validated by Infrared Spectroscopy for Point-of-Care Diagnostics

“…ATR–FTIR spectroscopy has been widely applied in biomedicine to interrogate various specimens, including blood and blood-derived products [ 50 , 51 ]. For example, a large field trial conducted in Thailand resulted in a sensitivity comparable to the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay utilizing a cloud-based data management system for parasitemia detection and quantification.…”

Optical photothermal infrared spectroscopy can differentiate equine osteoarthritic plasma extracellular vesicles from healthy controls

“…Amide II band absorption was found in 1544 cm -1 and is attributed to the out-of-phase combination of the N-H in-plane bend and C-N stretching vibration with smaller contributions from the C-O in-plane bend and the C-C and N-C stretching vibrations of peptide groups (Mihaly et al , 2017; Barth, 2007; Paolini et al , 2020). The band observed at 1240 cm -1 results from the coupling between C-N and N-H stretching from proteins (amide III) (Barth, 2007), but it was also influenced by PO2 - asymmetric stretching from phosphodiester bonds in nucleic acids (Paraskevaidi et al , 2021). The peak at 1451 cm -1 corresponded to bending vibration (scissoring) of acyl CH 2 groups in lipids (Mihaly et al , 2017; Barth et al, 2007; Paolini et al, 2020), whereas the band peaking at 1395 cm -1 aroses from COO - symmetric stretching from amino acid side chains and fatty acids (Mihaly et al , 2017; Barth, 2007; Paolini et al , 2020).…”

“…Vibrational spectroscopic methods, including Raman and infrared spectroscopies, provide molecular information about the main molecular constituents commonly found in biological samples such as proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates based on bond-specific chemical signatures in a non-invasive, non-destructive, and label-free manner (Paraskevaidi et al , 2021). In Raman spectroscopy, photons from a monochromatic source interact with the sample and a small fraction of them are inelastically scattered with either higher or lower energies compared with the excitation wavelength.…”

Prediction of malignant transformation in oral epithelial dysplasia using infrared absorbance spectra

“…Less attention has been paid to the application of alternative methodologies utilizing the chemical or physical properties of the cells. Among the alternative methodologies, those based on vibrational spectroscopy have been increasingly introduced to biomedical research [ 17 , 18 ]. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy utilizes infrared (IR) light over a broad spectral range to assess the overall chemical profile of a sample.…”