Clinical Application and Efficacy of Silver Drug in Ophthalmology: A Literature Review and New Formulation of EYE Drops with Drug Silver (I) Complex of Metronidazole with Improved Dosage Form

Abstract

The use of silver preparations in medicine is becoming increasingly popular. The basic aim of this evaluation was to review the literature on the clinical (in vivo) and antibacterial potential of silver preparations in ophthalmic diseases. The second goal was to summarize the results of experimental research on the use of silver preparations in ophthalmology. The third objective was to present a method for stabilizing eye drops containing silver (I) complex. Analysis of the pH stability of the silver (I) complex with metronidazole in the prepared dosage form (eye drops) was carried out. Most silver preparations are clinically used for topical application. Few experimental results indicate the usefulness of intraocular or systemic administration of silver (I) preparations as an alternative or additional therapy in infectious and angiogenic eye diseases. The development of a new formulation increases the stability of the dosage form. New forms of silver (I) products will certainly find application in the treatment of many ophthalmic diseases. One of the most important features of the silver (I) complex is its capacity to break down bacterial resistance. The new eye drops formula can significantly improve comfort of use. Due to their chemical nature, silver (I) compounds are difficult to stabilize, especially in the finished dosage form.

Stability of Metronidazole and Its Complexes with Silver(I) Salts under Various Stress Conditions

“…The action of HCl or NaOH on the complex compound gives the products of the molecule decomposition. It is silver(I) chloride in the case of HCl, and silver(I) oxide in the case of NaOH [39].…”

Development and Characterization of Curcumin-Silver Nanoparticles as a Promising Formulation to Test on Human Pterygium-Derived Keratinocytes

“…Metal NPs can be a versatile carrier for the delivery of biomolecules [ 10 ], which have numerous applications either as medical devices or anticancer treatments [ 11 , 12 ]. The use of silver salts for the treatment of ophthalmic infections or angiogenic conditions dates back to long time ago [ 13 ]. In recent years, silver NPs (AgNPs) have seen numerous applications in conjunction with biomolecules [ 14 , 15 , 16 ].…”

Theoretical Insight into the Phosphate-Targeted Silver’s Antibacterial Action: Differentiation between Gram (+) and Gram (−) Bacteria

“…1,2 Nowadays, silver finds broad applications in many areas of medicine, e.g., being added to dressings of burn wounds as a concomitant therapy of skin ulcers, 2−5 as a potential water disinfectant, 6,7 or even in ophthalmology as an active component in eye drops. 8 Silver is applied either in the neutral form of nanoparticles (AgNPs or colloidal silver) or as a cation in the structure of salts of different acids. Both forms possess antiviral, 9,10 antifungal, 11,12 and antibacterial 13 effects.…”

“…Silver has long been known to humanity not only as one of the seven metals of antiquity but also for its antimicrobial qualities. With the recent emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria, the search for novel strategies has revived the interest in silver due to its higher toxicity to microorganisms while, at the same time, being much less harmful to mammalian cells. , Nowadays, silver finds broad applications in many areas of medicine, e.g., being added to dressings of burn wounds as a concomitant therapy of skin ulcers, − as a potential water disinfectant, , or even in ophthalmology as an active component in eye drops …”