Clinical and ultrasound characteristics of pediatric lateral neck masses

Rankovic, Nemanja; Todorović, Jovana; Simić, Radoje

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0251563

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 46 publications

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“…It provides rapid and economical information on the location, size, shape, internal contents, blood flow, and relationship of the mass to nearby vessels without the need for ionizing radiation and sedatives ( 14 ). The correlation of clinical and ultrasonographic findings is important to determine the most accurate preoperative diagnosis ( 15 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterotopic squamous epithelial inclusion cyst in a cervical lymph node in a child: a case report and literature review

Huang¹,

Ma²,

Pei³

2022

Transl Pediatr

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Background: A squamous epithelial inclusion cyst in a lymph node is a rare heterotopic phenomenon.Heterotopic squamous inclusion cysts in cervical lymph nodes are even rarer, and to date, only 3 such cases have been reported in the literature, none of which have described the ultrasound features. Here, we report a pediatric case, focusing on the ultrasonographic manifestations of the disease and the differential diagnosis of cervical space-occupying lesions in children.Case Description: We report the case of a 6-year-old boy in good health, who presented with a nontender mass on the right side of the neck 1 month earlier. Some 7 days before admission, the mass gradually increased in size and became tender. Laboratory tests showed an increase in C-reactive protein of 17 mg/L (normal range: 0-8 mg/L). The physical examination revealed a palpable 3.0 cm × 2.0 cm mass with tenderness and poor mobility in the right submandibular region. Doppler ultrasonography showed an oval, ill-defined mass in the right submandibular area, consisting of a peripheral homogeneous hypoechoic component with hilar-like vascularity and an internal heterogeneous very hypoechoic component with patchy hyperechoic areas. The computed tomography (CT) scan showed a heterogeneously hypodense mass with irregular annular enhancement in the right submandibular region. Lymph node tuberculosis or spaceoccupying lesions were suspected based on the clinical and imaging findings. The mass was completely excised by surgery. The pathological diagnosis was a secondary infection of squamous epithelial inclusion cysts in the right cervical lymph node. The peripheral homogeneous hypoechoic component was normal lymph node tissue, and the internal heterogeneous very hypoechoic component was a squamous inclusion cyst with keratin debris. The patient was followed up for a total of 3 times after surgery, and no recurrence of the tumor was found.Conclusions: Ultrasonography can help in the early diagnosis of heterotopic squamous inclusion cysts in children's cervical lymph nodes, and can be used to differentiate other cervical lesions. We reviewed the literature and found that this heterotopic phenomenon was more likely to occur in the submandibular region of the neck in younger patients. Surgery may be an effective treatment for this disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterotopic squamous epithelial inclusion cyst in a cervical lymph node in a child: a case report and literature review

Huang¹,

Ma²,

Pei³

2022

Transl Pediatr

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Point-of-Care Ultrasound of the Head and Neck in Children

Lambert

Barbot²,

Tran³

et al. 2022

Curr Otorhinolaryngol Rep

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Imaging in children with ataxia-telangiectasia—The radiologist’s approach

2022

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Ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) is a syndromic inborn error of immunity (IEI) characterized by genomic instability, defective reparation of the DNA double-strand breaks, and hypersensitivity to ionizing radiation disturbing cellular homeostasis. The role of imaging diagnostics and the conscious choice of safe and advantageous imaging technique, as well as its correct interpretation, are crucial in the diagnostic process and monitoring of children with A-T. This study aimed at defining the role of a radiologist in the early diagnosis of A-T, as well as in detecting and tracking disease complications associated with infections, inflammation, lymphoproliferation, organ-specific immunopathology, and malignancy. Based on our singlecenter experience, retrospective analysis of investigations using ionizing radiation-free techniques, ultrasound (US), and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), was performed on regularly followed-up 11 pediatric A-T patients, 6 girls and 5 boys, aged from 2 to 18 years, with the longest period of observation coming to over 13 years. Our attention was especially drawn to the abnormalities that were observed in the US and MRI examinations of the lungs, abdominal cavity, and lymph nodes. The abdominal US showed no abnormalities in organ dimensions or echostructure in 4 out of 11 children studied, yet in the other 7, during follow-up examinations, hepatoand/or splenomegaly, mesenteric, visceral, and paraaortic lymphadenopathy were observable. In 2 patients, focal changes in the liver and spleen were shown, and in one patient progressive abdominal lymphadenopathy corresponded with the diagnosis of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). The lung US revealed multiple subpleural consolidations and B line artifacts related to the interstitial-alveolar syndrome in 5 patients, accompanied by pleural effusion in one of them. The MRI investigation of the lung enabled the detection of lymphatic nodal masses in the mediastinum, with concomitant airway lesions characteristic of bronchiectasis and focal parenchymal consolidations in one A-T patient with chronic respiratory failure. This patient also manifested organomegaly and granulomatous liver disease Frontiers in Pediatrics 01 frontiersin.org Jończyk-Potoczna et al. 10.3389/fped.2022.988645 in abdominal MRI examination. Our study shows that the use of modern US capabilities and MRI is safe and efficient, thereby serving as a recommended advantageous imaging diagnostic tool in monitoring children with IEI and DNA instability syndromes.

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Clinical and ultrasound characteristics of pediatric lateral neck masses

Cited by 4 publications

References 46 publications

Heterotopic squamous epithelial inclusion cyst in a cervical lymph node in a child: a case report and literature review

Heterotopic squamous epithelial inclusion cyst in a cervical lymph node in a child: a case report and literature review

Point-of-Care Ultrasound of the Head and Neck in Children

Imaging in children with ataxia-telangiectasia—The radiologist’s approach

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