Clinical and Radiographic Variables Around Implant With Simultaneous Graft Among Type 2 Diabetic Patients Treated With Different Hypoglycemic Medications: A Retrospective Study.

Abstract

Background: The clinical and radiographic variables around dental implants in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with different hypoglycemic agents still remained unclear.Methods: This retrospective cohort study collected the dental records and digital periapical radiographs of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and implants. These patients were grouped according to their medication: insulin, metformin, and glucagon-like peptide-1 drugs. The radiographic marginal bone loss around implants and clinical parameters, including peri-implant bleeding on probing and probing depth, were compared among groups using the Kruskal-Wallis test.Results: A total of 150 patients with 308 implants (101 in insulin group, 121 in metformin group and 86 in glucagon-like peptide-1 drugs group) were assessed. The peri-implants marginal bone loss in insulin group (P<0.05) and metformin group (P<0.01) were significantly higher than glucagon-like peptide-1 drug group. The radiographic bone loss in metformin was higher than insulin group (P<0.05). While there was no statistical difference of clinical peri-implant parameters among groups(P>0.05).Conclusions: The radiographic variables were not exactly the same among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with different hypoglycemic agents. glucagon-like peptide-1 drugs might be more beneficial to bone tissue around implants. More studies are needed to verify the direct effect of these drugs on peri-implant bone.Clinical trial registration number: ChiCTR2000034211 (retrospectively registered)