Clinical and Psychosocial Origins of Chronic Depressive Episodes

Brown, George W.; Morán, Patricia; Harris, Tirril; Hepworth, C.; Robinson, R.

doi:10.1192/bjp.165.4.457

Cited by 165 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 60 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Some studies have found a link between childhood adversity and increased chronicity of depressive episodes Brown and Moran, 1994;Zlotnick et al, 1995;Lara et al, 2000). Other studies have found an association between childhood adversity and earlier age of onset of depression (Kessler et al, 1997;Young et al, 1997;Bifulco et al, 1998;Bernet and Stein, 1999;Widom et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies have suggested that childhood adversity is associated with age of onset, course, and treatment response of MDD (Brown and Moran, 1994;Zlotnick et al, 1995;Kessler et al, 1997;Young et al, 1997;Bifulco et al, 1998;Bernet and Stein, 1999;Sakado et al, 1999;Kaplan and Klinetob 2000;Lara et al, 2000). Some studies have found a link between childhood adversity and increased chronicity of depressive episodes Brown and Moran, 1994;Zlotnick et al, 1995;Lara et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Childhood adversity predicts earlier onset of major depression but not reduced hippocampal volume

Lenze

Xiong

Sheline

2008

Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Childhood adversity may influence severity and age of onset of depression, potentially mediated by greater vulnerability to an existing biochemical or neural mechanism. Prior studies have suggested that reduced hippocampal volume is a result of childhood adversity. This study examined the relationship between childhood adversity, hippocampal volumes and clinical characteristics in women who were recruited for depression history rather than abuse experiences.Thirty-one women with remitted unipolar depression and 24 psychiatrically healthy women completed the Childhood Experience of Care and Abuse (Bifulco et al 1994). High resolution MRI scans and hippocampal volumetric determination by stereological assessment were obtained. We found that childhood adversity was associated with a history of recurrent depression and with earlier age of depression onset. We did not find a relationship between childhood adversity and hippocampal volumes in this sample with mild childhood adversity. Our results suggest that the decreased hippocampal volume seen in Major Depressive Disorder may be mediated by additional factors. Further research is needed to more fully understand the interrelationships among childhood adversity, hippocampal morphology, neuroendocrine regulation, and other genetic and environmental factors influencing vulnerability to depression.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood adversity predicts earlier onset of major depression but not reduced hippocampal volume

Lenze

Xiong

Sheline

2008

Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Studies show that those who develop their first episode of depression at a young age are vulnerable to recurrent chronic episodes of depression (Brown et al, 1994;Wiersma et al, 2009). The negative impact of CSA is pervasive from the time of abuse in childhood extending into adulthood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Young female survivors of sexual abuse in Malaysia and depression: What factors are associated with better outcome?

Wahab

Tan

Marimuthu

et al. 2013

Asia-Pacific Psychiatry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction:Research in the field of child sexual abuse is lacking in Malaysia. The aims of this study are to identify the association between sociodemographic factors and depression among sexually abused females. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 51 young sexually abused female attendees at the Suspected Child Abuse and Neglect (SCAN) clinic of Hospital Kuala Lumpur, a tertiary referral centre. Upon obtaining informed consent from participant and guardian, participants were screened for depression using the Strength and Difficulty Questionnaire (SDQ) and interviewed using the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Aged Children (K-SADS) for depressive disorders and K-SADS-PL (Present and Lifetime version) to diagnose depression. Sociodemographic data and details of the abuse were also obtained. Results: Of the survivors, 33.3% were depressed. Univariate analysis showed significant association between legal guardianship, living environment and duration of abuse with depression, however, multivariate analyses later showed that the sole predictor for depression was living environment. Respondents who lived with others were 23-times more likely to be depressed as compared to those who lived with their parents. Discussion: Depression is common among young survivors of sexual abuse. Those who lived with parents appeared to have a better outcome. Thus, further research to explore possible protective factors associated with living with parents is vital. This will help clinicians develop strategies to empower parents and families help these young survivors get back on track with their lives despite the abuse.

show abstract

“…Interpersonal interactions of depressive persons, such as giving or receiving social support, are heavily impaired (McNaughton et al, 1992), and their readiness to perceive and attend to negative aspects in interpersonal relationships may lead to decreased social support (Gotlib and Hammen, 1992). Finally, this maladaptive process contributes decisively to increased risk of depression chronicity (Brown et al, 1994). In addition, abnormalities in the processing of emotional information heighten the risk of the development of mood disorders (Leppänen, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antidepressive therapy with Escitalopram improves mood, cognitive symptoms, and identity memory for angry faces in elderly depressed patients

Savaskan¹,

Mueller²,

Böhringer³

et al. 2008

European Psychiatry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Depression is a common disorder in the elderly handicapping patients with affective and cognitive symptoms. Because of their good tolerability relative to the older tricyclic compounds, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are increasingly used for the treatment of depression in the elderly. Little is known about their effects on cognition in elderly patients. In the present 4-week, single centre, randomized, open-label trial we investigated the anti-depressive effects of escitalopram, an SSRI, in 18 elderly depressed patients (mean age ±SEM: 76.2±1.8) compared to 22 healthy age-matched controls (mean age: 76.9±1.8). Affective and cognitive symptoms were assessed using the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and a face portrait recognition test to assess memory for happy and angry faces. Depressed patients prior to treatment had markedly reduced memory performance. Treatment with escitalopram improved affective and cognitive symptoms significantly. Furthermore, escitalopram treatment improved memory for negative facial stimuli. Control subjects confirmed the well established memory bias favouring recognition of identities acquired with happy expression. Importantly, this bias was absent in depressed patients prior, but also after treatment. In conclusion, escitalopram, even after a relatively short treatment period, was effective in treating depression in the elderly and may help improve cognitive performance for social stimuli.

show abstract

Clinical and Psychosocial Origins of Chronic Depressive Episodes

Abstract: Similar psychosocial factors are important for predicting chronicity in both community and patient series.

Cited by 165 publications

References 60 publications

Childhood adversity predicts earlier onset of major depression but not reduced hippocampal volume

Childhood adversity predicts earlier onset of major depression but not reduced hippocampal volume

Young female survivors of sexual abuse in Malaysia and depression: What factors are associated with better outcome?

Antidepressive therapy with Escitalopram improves mood, cognitive symptoms, and identity memory for angry faces in elderly depressed patients

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About