Clinical and psychometric validation of the psychotic depression assessment scale

Østergaard, Søren Dinesen; Pedersen, Christina Horsager; Uggerby, Peter; Munk‐Jørgensen, Povl; Rothschild, Anthony J.; Larsen, Jens Ivar; Gøtzsche, Camilla; Søndergaard, Mia Greisen; Bille, Anna Gry; Bolwig, Tom G.; Larsen, Jens Knud; Bech, Per

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2014.11.012

Cited by 26 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…This review focused on non-psychotic depression, but it deserves mentioning that HAM-D 6 played an essential role in the development of the Psychotic Depression Assessment Scale (PDAS) [74,75], the first rating scale dedicated to the measurement of severity of psychotic depression [76]. Specifically, HAM-D 6 forms the “depression backbone” of the PDAS, which consists of a total of 11 items [74] - 6 items from the HAM-D 6 plus 5 psychosis-related items from the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale [77].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Specifically, HAM-D 6 forms the “depression backbone” of the PDAS, which consists of a total of 11 items [74] - 6 items from the HAM-D 6 plus 5 psychosis-related items from the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale [77]. The PDAS has demonstrated clinical validity, scalability, and responsiveness in evaluating the severity of psychotic depression - and the HAM-D 6 subscale within the PDAS scale measures the severity of the depressive symptomatology [75,78,79]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Systematic Review of the Clinimetric Properties of the 6-Item Version of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D<sub>6</sub>)

Timmerby

Andersen

Søndergaard

et al. 2017

Psychother Psychosom

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Background: In a study aimed at identifying the items carrying information regarding the global severity of depression, the 6-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D₆) was derived from the original 17-item version of the scale (HAM-D₁₇). Since then, the HAM-D₆ has been used in a wide range of clinical studies. We now provide a systematic review of the clinimetric properties of HAM-D₆ in comparison with those of HAM-D₁₇ and the Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). Methods: We conducted a systematic search of the literature in PubMed, PsycInfo, and EMBASE databases in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guideline. Studies reporting data on the clinimetric validity of the HAM-D₆ and either the HAM-D₁₇ or MADRS in non-psychotic unipolar or bipolar depression were included in the synthesis. Results: The search identified 681 unique records, of which 51 articles met the inclusion criteria. According to the published literature, HAM-D₆ has proven to be superior to both HAM-D₁₇ and MADRS in terms of scalability (each item contains unique information regarding syndrome severity), transferability (scalability is constant over time and irrespective of sex, age, and depressive subtypes), and responsiveness (sensitivity to change in severity during treatment). Conclusions: According to the published literature, the clinimetric properties of HAM-D₆ are superior to those of both the HAM-D₁₇ and MADRS. Since the validity of HAM-D₆ has been demonstrated in both research and clinical practice, using the scale more consistently would facilitate translation of results from one setting to the other.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review of the Clinimetric Properties of the 6-Item Version of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D<sub>6</sub>)

Timmerby

Andersen

Søndergaard

et al. 2017

Psychother Psychosom

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“…Given the high prevalence of psychotic symptoms in this sample of depressive subjects awaiting treatment with ECT and the cooccurrence of psychotic symptoms with psychomotor symptoms in depression [2], we used the Psychotic Depression Assessment Scale (PDAS) to quantify the severity of the patients’ psychotic symptoms. The PDAS is a rating scale which covers both the psychotic and depressive domains of depression with psychotic symptoms and is a sensitive measure of treatment response in this type of depression [37, 38]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinguishing Subgroups Based on Psychomotor Functioning among Patients with Major Depressive Disorder

et al. 2017

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Background: Retardation and agitation are symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD), and their presence could play a role in determining clinically meaningful depressive subtypes such as nonmelancholic depression (NMD) and melancholic depression (MD). In this project, we explored whether three depression subgroups (NMD, MD with psychotic symptoms, and MD without psychotic symptoms) could be distinguished based on objective measures of psychomotor functioning. Methods: Sixty-nine patients with MDD underwent extensive clinical and psychomotor testing prior to treatment with electroconvulsive therapy. Psychomotor functioning was assessed subjectively using the Core Assessment of Psychomotor Change (CORE) and objectively by means of both 24-h actigraphy and performance on a fine motor drawing task. Results: The daytime activity levels measured by actigraphy were significantly lower (F = 7.1, p = 0.0004) in MD patients both with and without psychotic symptoms than in those with NMD. No objective psychomotor variable was able to distinguish between melancholic patients with and those without psychotic symptoms. Conclusions: The depression subtypes NMD, MD with psychotic symptoms, and MD without psychotic symptoms are not marked by increasing psychomotor retardation, possibly because psychomotor disturbance in MD with psychotic symptoms often consists of agitation rather than retardation, or a mixture of the two. However, psychomotor functioning as measured by actigraphy can be used to distinguish between NMD patients and MD patients.

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“…Taken together, these findings are consistent with using the sum of the individual PDAS item scores (i.e., the total score) as a measure for the overall severity of depressive and psychotic symptoms in PD. The validity of the PDAS in the measurement of the overall severity of PD was recently further supported by a Danish multicenter study of PD patients diagnosed according to the 10th edition of the International Classification of Disease (ICD‐10) . This Danish study did, however, use a different interview as well as slightly different item definitions compared to the PDAS study based on data from STOP‐PD [see Ostergaard et al.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Rating scales measuring the severity of psychotic depression

Østergaard

Rothschild

Flint

et al. 2015

Acta Psychiatr Scand

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Objective Unipolar psychotic depression (PD) is a severe and debilitating syndrome, which requires intensive monitoring. The objective of this study was to provide an overview of the rating scales used to assess illness severity in PD. Method Selective review of publications reporting results on non-self-rated, symptom-based rating scales utilized to measure symptom severity in PD. The clinical and psychometric validity of the identified rating scales was reviewed. Results A total of 14 rating scales meeting the predefined criteria were included in the review. These scales grouped into the following categories: I. Rating scales predominantly covering depressive symptoms, II. Rating scales predominantly covering psychotic symptoms, III. Rating scales covering delusions, and IV. Rating scales covering psychotic depression. For the vast majority of the scales, the clinical and psychometric validity had not been tested empirically. The only exception from this general tendency was the 11-item Psychotic Depression Assessment Scale (PDAS), which was developed specifically to assess the severity of PD. Conclusion In PD, the Psychotic Depression Assessment Scale (PDAS) represents the only empirically derived rating scale for the measurement of overall severity of illness. The PDAS should be considered in future studies of PD and in clinical practice.

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Clinical and psychometric validation of the psychotic depression assessment scale

Cited by 26 publications

References 42 publications

A Systematic Review of the Clinimetric Properties of the 6-Item Version of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D<sub>6</sub>)

A Systematic Review of the Clinimetric Properties of the 6-Item Version of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D<sub>6</sub>)

Distinguishing Subgroups Based on Psychomotor Functioning among Patients with Major Depressive Disorder

Rating scales measuring the severity of psychotic depression

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