Clinical and prognostic importance of chromosomal abnormalities, Y chromosome microdeletions, and CFTR gene mutations in individuals with azoospermia or severe oligospermia

Abstract

IntroductionNative Turkish ducks are raised primarily for meat, eggs, and feathers. Native duck genotypes have been extensively raised for many years on family farms in some regions of the country. However, since we have no statistical data on duck breeding potentials in Turkey, it is only known that there are very few small-scale duck farms raising ducks (1,2). Ducks are easily raised and they are hardy and less susceptible to many of the common poultry diseases such as leucosis, Marek's disease, infectious bronchitis, and other respiratory troubles (3,4).Ducks have been housed in 3 different systems. These are intensive, semi-intensive, and open range systems. The intensive system could either be the deep litter floor or the cage system. In these systems, similar to chicken housing systems, the ducks are kept in an enclosed room on litter with proper ventilation (5). There is not enough information about the effects of different housing systems, sex, and slaughter age on slaughter and carcass traits in native Turkish ducks. However, the best slaughter age for Pekin ducks has been accepted as 7 to 8 weeks (6). There is little research on the different housing systems for Pekin ducks in Turkey (7,8). No research has been conducted to demonstrate the advantages and disadvantages of deep litter floor and cage systems on slaughter and carcass traits in native Turkish duck production.The purpose of this research was to determine the effects of different housing systems, sex, and slaughter age on slaughter and carcass traits of native Turkish ducks. Materials and methodsThis study was carried out on the Kafkas University Research Farm. Animal materials included both male and female native Turkish ducks. In the present study, 133 one-day-old ducklings were placed in brooder batteries with 24 h of light. All ducklings were kept under the same conditions. Then the 1-day-old ducklings were transferred into a shelter run, with both sexes together. A total of 64 ducklings of similar weights were reared in the deep floor pens. About 8-10 cm of wood shavings was used as litter on the floor. The stocking density in the deep litter system was 4 ducklings per m 2 (9). A total of 69 ducklings of similar weights were reared in the cage system. Nine standard cages (1 m × 2 m × 85 cm) were used with a stocking rate of 7-8 ducks per cage (9). After the second week, the daily photoperiod consisted of 16 h of light and

Incidence of genetic causes of idiopathic male infertility in Serbia: Ten years’ experience of single centre

“…Sex chromosomes abnormalities were predominating, with frequency of 9.09%. This was similar to the results of the studies done in other populations where numerical and structural autosomal chromosome aberrations were also less common (FORESTA et al, 2002;YATSENKO et al, 2010;OCAK et al, 2014).…”

“…In general, frequency of AZF microdeletions is 10%, going up to 15% in patients with oligospermia and up to 20% in azoospermic men (FORESTA et al, 2002). According to the literature, the ranges of Y-chromosome microdeletions in infertile men vary very widely from 1-55% (OCAK et al, 2014). The differences in reported frequencies may reflect variations in the sample group, ethnic and geographic differences and selection of STS markers (NG et al, 2009;KRAUSZ et al, 2014).…”

“…The congenital and acquired factors which are causes of male infertility can be described by immunological factors, infections, endocrine disorders or anatomical malformations (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1339) (NG et al, 2009;CHOI et al, 2013). There is also an increasing frequency of cases with unknown etiology ("idiopathic infertility") where genetic factors were found to have an important role (OCAK et al, 2014).…”

Genetic screening and evaluation for chromosomal abnormalities of infertile males in Jilin Province, China

“…Mafra et al (2011) reported chromosomal abnormalities for 6.2% of infertile Brazilian men with severe oligozoospermia or non-obstructive azoospermia and the total prevalence of chromosomal abnormalities was found to be 11.2% in infertile males with oligozoospermia and azoospermia in southeast Turkey (Balkan et al, 2008). Ocak et al (2014) reported structural or numerical chromosomal abnormalities to be present in 12% of patients with azoospermia or severe oligospermia and 10.9% of Chinese patients with azoospermia or severe oligozoospermia were found to have chromosomal abnormalities (Zhou-Cun et al, 2006).…”

Microdissection TESE is superior to conventional TESE in patients with nonobstructive azoospermia caused by Y chromosome microdeletions

“…In patients with AZFa and b microdeletions, spermatozoa could be found in no single case according to the literature (Simoni et al, 2008;Navarro-Costa et al, 2010), while in the case of AZFc microdeletion, a SR rate of more than 50% can be expected according to the literature (Simoni et al, 2008;Navarro-Costa et al, 2010;Krausz et al, 2014). Some authors believe that the incidence of Y chromosome microdeletions in Germany with 2-3% of men with NOA may be lower than in other countries (Simoni et al, 2008), while the prevalence in infertile men was published for Turkey with 6% and China with up to 13% (Ocak et al, 2014;Elfateh, 2014).…”