Clinical and post mortem analysis of combat neck injury used to inform a novel coverage of armour tool

Breeze, John; Fryer, Robert; Hare, J.; Delaney, R.; Hunt, Nicholas; Lewis, Eluned

doi:10.1016/j.injury.2015.01.045

Cited by 17 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(25 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Therefore the structures necessitating essential coverage may alter should a timeline of 60 min be unfeasible. Such decisions should also be reviewed in light of postmortem and casualty data interpretation when that becomes available as has been undertaken in previous conflicts such as Iraq and Afghanistan 3–7 13 23 70. The spinal cord, intestines, lungs and kidneys cause significant morbidity and should be covered wherever possible (desired medical coverage); in the context of current body armour systems this will be by soft armour.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defining the essential anatomical coverage provided by military body armour against high energy projectiles

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Those structures requiring essential medical coverage by a plate were demonstrated to be the heart, great vessels, liver and spleen. For the 50th centile male anthropometric model used in this study, the front and rear plates from the Enhanced Combat Body Armour system only provide limited coverage, but do fulfil their original requirement. The plates from the current Mark 4a OSPREY system cover all of the structures identified in this study as requiring coverage except for the abdominal sections of the aorta and inferior vena cava. Further work on sizing of plates is recommended due to its potential to optimise essential medical coverage.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defining the essential anatomical coverage provided by military body armour against high energy projectiles

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The VIRTUS project has used a three-dimensional representation of human anatomy (the Zygote model) to visualise the structures requiring coverage and to subsequently assess the percentage coverage offered by various components of the system, for example, the neck, brassards and ballistic plates, using the Coverage of Armour Tool. The Zygote model was originally derived from CT scans of healthy volunteers, which was subsequently modified by Dstl 15. Surface anatomy has been demonstrated to be representative of a 50th percentile male UK Armed Forces soldier 15…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Zygote model was originally derived from CT scans of healthy volunteers, which was subsequently modified by Dstl 15. Surface anatomy has been demonstrated to be representative of a 50th percentile male UK Armed Forces soldier 15Figure 3 shows the visualisation of the pelvis and thigh structures described in Table 1 as requiring essential and desirable coverage.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defining the medical coverage of ballistic protection to the pelvis and thigh

2020

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

IntroductionPelvis, lower limb and associated genital injury caused by explosive devices was responsible for mortality and considerable long-term morbidity for the UK Armed Forces during combat operations in Afghanistan, resulting in the issue of a pelvic protection system in 2010. The aim of this current research was to determine the medical coverage of the pelvis and thigh and to define the vertical dimensions of ballistic protective material for future pelvic protection (PP).MethodCT scans from 120 male UK Armed Forces personnel were analysed to identify the anthropometric landmarks and vertical boundaries of coverage for the pelvis and thigh. Pelvic height was the vertical distance between the upper border of the iliac crest in the midaxillary plane to the most inferior point of the ischial tuberosity of the pelvis. Upper thigh height was proposed as a 100 mm fixed distance below the ischial tuberosities, enabling a tourniquet to be reproducibly applied. These distances were compared with the ballistic component of the five sizes of tier 1 PP using a paired t-test.ResultsThe vertical components of coverage measured using CT scans were all significantly less (p<0.01) compared with all five sizes of tier 1 PP; for example, the ballistic component of the smallest size of tier 1 PP measured 410 mm, which was larger than the 99th percentile male, which measured 346 mm on CT scans.ConclusionsWhile all sizes of tier 1 PP provide coverage to the pelvis and upper thigh structures, there is an opportunity to optimise future PP. For example, comparing the large size of tier 1 PP to the 50th percentile male demonstrated an opportunity to reduce the ballistic protective component by 31%. Reducing the quantity of material used will improve heat dissipation and user comfort and reduce material mass and acquisition costs.

show abstract

“…The simplest method of representing a weapon effect is to use an infinitely thin shot-line and perform ray tracing through a geometry to determine what structures are likely to be damaged; such an approach has been the most common method in the past 12. Calculations can be performed quickly allowing comparisons of multiple shot-lines and/or multiple targets.…”

Section: Interaction Between Weapon Effects and Anatomical Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Injury representation against ballistic threats using three novel numerical models

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Injury modelling of ballistic threats is a valuable tool for informing policy on personal protective equipment and other injury mitigation methods. Currently, the Ministry of Defence (MoD) and Centre for Protection of National Infrastructure (CPNI) are focusing on the development of three interlinking numerical models, each of a different fidelity, to answer specific questions on current threats. High-fidelity models simulate the physical events most realistically, and will be used in the future to test the medical effectiveness of personal armour systems. They are however generally computationally intensive, slow running and much of the experimental data to base their algorithms on do not yet exist. Medium fidelity models, such as the personnel vulnerability simulation (PVS), generally use algorithms based on physical or engineering estimations of interaction. This enables a reasonable representation of reality and greatly speeds up runtime allowing full assessments of the entire body area to be undertaken. Low-fidelity models such as the human injury predictor (HIP) tool generally use simplistic algorithms to make injury predictions. Individual scenarios can be run very quickly and hence enable statistical casualty assessments of large groups, where significant uncertainty concerning the threat and affected population exist. HIP is used to simulate the blast and penetrative fragmentation effects of a terrorist detonation of an improvised explosive device within crowds of people in metropolitan environments. This paper describes the collaboration between MoD and CPNI using an example of all three fidelities of injury model and to highlight future areas of research that are required.

show abstract

Clinical and post mortem analysis of combat neck injury used to inform a novel coverage of armour tool

Cited by 17 publications

References 15 publications

Defining the essential anatomical coverage provided by military body armour against high energy projectiles

Defining the essential anatomical coverage provided by military body armour against high energy projectiles

Defining the medical coverage of ballistic protection to the pelvis and thigh

Injury representation against ballistic threats using three novel numerical models

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About