Clinical and pathological features of viral haemorrhagic disease of rabbits and the European brown hare syndrome

Marcato, Paolo Stefano; Benazzi, Cinzia; Vecchi, Gabriel A.; Galeotti, M.; Salda, L. Della; Sarli, Giuseppe; Lucidi, P.

doi:10.20506/rst.10.2.560

Cited by 119 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Depending on the clinical evolution of the disease, three different clinical courses can occur [38,72]. In the peracute form, infected animals show no clinical signs and die suddenly.…”

Section: Clinical Signs and Histopathological Lesionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, the hemodynamic changes, alterations in the intracranial pressure and histological alterations such as apoptosis observed in RHDV are common to ALF [74,233,241,242]. In addition, clinical symptoms such as prostration or convulsions observed on RHD are also observed in ALF [38]. RHDV has also been used for the study of therapeutic approaches for ALF [236,238,239].…”

Section: Therapeutic Applications Of Rhdvmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHD) and rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV): a review

Abrantes

Loo

Pendu

et al. 2012

Vet Res

326

452

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Rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) is a calicivirus of the genus Lagovirus that causes rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHD) in adult European rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). First described in China in 1984, the virus rapidly spread worldwide and is nowadays considered as endemic in several countries. In Australia and New Zealand where rabbits are pests, RHDV was purposely introduced for rabbit biocontrol. Factors that may have precipitated RHD emergence remain unclear, but non-pathogenic strains seem to pre-date the appearance of the pathogenic strains suggesting a key role for the comprehension of the virus origins. All pathogenic strains are classified within one single serotype, but two subtypes are recognised, RHDV and RHDVa. RHD causes high mortality in both domestic and wild adult animals, with individuals succumbing between 48-72 h post-infection. No other species has been reported to be fatally susceptible to RHD. The disease is characterised by acute necrotising hepatitis, but haemorrhages may also be found in other organs, in particular the lungs, heart, and kidneys due to disseminated intravascular coagulation. Resistance to the disease might be explained in part by genetically determined absence or weak expression of attachment factors, but humoral immunity is also important. Disease control in rabbitries relies mainly on vaccination and biosecurity measures. Such measures are difficult to be implemented in wild populations. More recent research has indicated that RHDV might be used as a molecular tool for therapeutic applications. Although the study of RHDV and RHD has been hampered by the lack of an appropriate cell culture system for the virus, several aspects of the replication, epizootology, epidemiology and evolution have been disclosed. This review provides a broad coverage and description of the current knowledge on the disease and the virus.

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“…Depending on the clinical evolution of the disease, three different clinical courses can occur [38,72]. In the peracute form, infected animals show no clinical signs and die suddenly.…”

Section: Clinical Signs and Histopathological Lesionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Therapeutic Applications Of Rhdvmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHD) and rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV): a review

Abrantes

Loo

Pendu

et al. 2012

Vet Res

326

452

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…RHD is mainly characterised by a peracute/acute course with high mortality, up to 80–100%, in 48 to 96 h [6]. During an outbreak, 5 to 10% of rabbits may show subacute/chronic evolution of the disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a variety of organs and tissues, congestion and haemorrhages resulting from a disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome are common. The trachea is often hyperaemic and contains frothy, bloodstained mucus [6]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergence of a new lagovirus related to rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus

Gall-Reculé

Llombart‐Bosch

Marchandeau

et al. 2013

Vet Res

195

304

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Since summer 2010, numerous cases of Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease (RHD) have been reported in north-western France both in rabbitries, affecting RHD-vaccinated rabbits, and in wild populations. We demonstrate that the aetiological agent was a lagovirus phylogenetically distinct from other lagoviruses and which presents a unique antigenic profile. Experimental results show that the disease differs from RHD in terms of disease duration, mortality rates, higher occurrence of subacute/chronic forms and that partial cross-protection occurs between RHDV and the new RHDV variant, designated RHDV2. These data support the hypothesis that RHDV2 is a new member of the Lagovirus genus. A molecular epidemiology study detected RHDV2 in France a few months before the first recorded cases and revealed that one year after its discovery it had spread throughout the country and had almost replaced RHDV strains. RHDV2 was detected in continental Italy in June 2011, then four months later in Sardinia.

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“…RHD kills more than 90% of adult rabbits 24-72 hours after their experimental inoculation with calicivirus (Ohlinger et al 1990;Shien et al 2000). The viral agent replicates in the liver, and induces a fulminant necrotic hepatitis that kills the animals (Marcato et al 1991;Mitro and Krauss 1993;Ferreira et al 2006a, b). Current views on the natural history of RHD are focused on the fulminant liver disease triggered by the virus (Ferreira et al 2006a, b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early acute depletion of lymphocytes in calicivirus-infected adult rabbits

et al. 2010

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Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease (RHD) is a lethal infection caused by calicivirus that kills 90% of the infected adult rabbits within 3 days. The calicivirus replicates in the liver and causes a fulminant hepatitis. Most studies on the pathology of RHD have been focused on the fulminant liver disease. This may not be the only mechanism in the pathogenesis of RHD: calicivirus infection may also induce leukopenia in the infected adult rabbits. We show now by flow cytometry analysis that the calicivirus induces an early decrease in B and T cells, in both spleen and liver. The depletion of B and T cells was associated with apoptosis labelled by annexin V. These changes occurred in rabbits before they showed enzymatic evidence of liver damage and persisted after liver transaminase values were very high. We conclude that depletion of lymphocytes caused by the calicivirus infection precedes or attends liver damage. The relative contribution of this lymphocyte depletion for the pathogenesis of the fatal calicivirus infection of rabbits remains to be investigated.

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Clinical and pathological features of viral haemorrhagic disease of rabbits and the European brown hare syndrome

Cited by 119 publications

References 4 publications

Rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHD) and rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV): a review

Rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHD) and rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV): a review

Emergence of a new lagovirus related to rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus

Early acute depletion of lymphocytes in calicivirus-infected adult rabbits

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