Clinical and molecular investigation of a canine distemper outbreak and vector-borne infections in a group of rescue dogs imported from Hungary to Switzerland

Willi, Barbara; Spiri, Andrea M.; Meli, Marina L.; Grimm, Felix; Beatrice, Laura; Riond, Barbara; Bley, T.; Jordi, Rolf; Dennler, Matthias; Hofmann‐Lehmann, Regina

doi:10.1186/s12917-015-0471-0

Cited by 28 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(46 reference statements)

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“…Di Francesco et al (2012) reported a CDV prevalence of 56.6% in Italian dogs that suffered from respiratory signs coupled with neurological and/or gastrointestinal signs. An investigation into a CDV outbreak amongst dogs imported from Hungary in 2015 showed that seven of 11 dogs with distemper had clinical signs involving at least two organ systems, mainly the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts (Willi et al, 2015). Even if CDV is rarely diagnosed in dogs in Europe, the infection remains in the wild population, as for example in foxes (Garigliany et al, 2018), with a constant risk of infection of the canine population.…”

Section: Prevalence Of Canine Distemper Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aetiology of Canine Infectious Respiratory Disease Complex and Prevalence of its Pathogens in Europe

Day

Carey

Clercx

et al. 2020

Journal of Comparative Pathology

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The canine infectious respiratory disease complex (CIRDC) is an endemic worldwide syndrome involving multiple viral and bacterial pathogens. Traditionally, Bordetella bronchiseptica (Bb), canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV-2), canine distemper virus (CDV), canine herpesvirus (CHV) and canine parainfluenza virus (CPiV) were considered the major causative agents. Lately, new pathogens have been implicated in the development of CIRDC, namely canine influenza virus (CIV), canine respiratory coronavirus (CRCoV), canine pneumovirus (CnPnV), Mycoplasma cynos and Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus. To better understand the role of the different pathogens in the development of CIRDC and their epidemiological relevance in Europe, prevalence data were collected from peerreviewed publications and summarized. Evidence of exposure to Bb is frequently found in healthy and diseased dogs and client-owned dogs are as likely to be infected as kennelled dogs. Co-infections with viral pathogens are common. The findings confirm that Bb is an important cause of CIRDC in Europe. CAV-2 and CDV recovery rates from healthy and diseased dogs are low and the most likely explanation for this is control through vaccination. Seroconversion to CHV can be demonstrated following CIRDC outbreaks and CHV has been detected in the lower respiratory tract of diseased dogs. There is some evidence that CHV is not a primary cause of CIRDC, but opportunistically re-activates at the time of infection and exacerbates the disease. The currently available data suggest that CIV is, at present, neither a prevalent nor a significant pathogen in Europe. CPiV remains an important pathogen in CIRDC and facilitates co-infection with other viral and bacterial pathogens. CnPnV and CRCoV are important new elements in the aetiology of CIRDC and spread particularly well in multi-dog establishments. M. cynos is common in Europe and is more likely to occur in younger and kennelled dogs. This organism is frequently found together with other CIRDC pathogens and is significantly associated with more severe respiratory signs. S. zooepidemicus infection is not common and appears to be a particular problem in kennels. Protective immunity against respiratory diseases is rarely complete, and generally only a reduction in clinical signs and excretion of pathogen can be achieved through vaccination. However, even vaccines that only reduce and do not prevent infection carry epidemiological advantages. They reduce spread, increase herd immunity and decrease usage of antimicrobials. Recommending vaccination of dogs against pathogens of CIRDC will directly provide epidemiological advantages to the population and the individual dog.

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Section: Prevalence Of Canine Distemper Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aetiology of Canine Infectious Respiratory Disease Complex and Prevalence of its Pathogens in Europe

Day

Carey

Clercx

et al. 2020

Journal of Comparative Pathology

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“…Diseases such as canine distemper and parvovirosis are still present in Northern and Western Europe [ 10 , 11 ], although they are observed less frequently, but the exact number of clinical cases is unknown. Nevertheless, repeated outbreaks occur, mainly due to importation of dogs from Southern or Eastern European countries [ 12 – 14 ]. Therefore all dogs should have an up-to-date vaccination status.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Canine vaccination in Germany: A survey of owner attitudes and compliance

et al. 2020

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Background Vaccination is the most important preventive measure for protection against infectious diseases in humans and companion animals. Nevertheless, scepticism about the safety and importance of vaccines is increasing in human and in veterinary medicine. Although owner attitudes towards vaccination have been investigated in cats, there are no similar studies in dogs. The goals of this study were therefore to investigate the vaccination status of dogs in Germany, to determine owner compliance with vaccination and to identify factors that play a role in owners' decisions to have their dogs vaccinated. Methods Data were collected from August 2018 to February 2019 using an online survey targeting dog owners in Germany. A total of 3,881 questionnaires were evaluated, and factors associated with the vaccination status of dogs were determined by a linear logistic regression model using Akaike information criterion. Cohen's kappa statistic was used to evaluate agreement between questionnaire and 340 vaccination passports submitted voluntarily by owners. Results A total of 46.8% (n = 1,818/3,881) of dogs were vaccinated with core vaccines according to current guidelines with the lowest vaccination rate for leptospirosis (50.1%; n = 1,941/ 3,874). Dog's age (16 weeks to 15 months) (odds ratio (OR): 3.08; 95% CI: 2.05-4.68), type (working dog) (OR: 2.06; 95% CI: 1.22-3.53) and travelling abroad within previous 36 months (OR: 1.82; 95% CI: 1.12-2.96) had the strongest 'positive' association with the vaccination status. Recommendation from a veterinarian not to vaccinate against leptospirosis had the strongest 'negative' association (OR: 0.08; 95% CI: 0.04-0.18).

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“…The detection of Leishmania antibodies in the present study confirmed serological data for dogs tested positive in the Netherlands, imported from Southern Europe (Teske et al 2002). Meanwhile many imported dogs with CVBD, introduced to Central Europe, originate rather from eastern than from the southern European countries (Willi et al 2015 (Beran 2010, Haeberlein et al 2013. So far, Naucke and Schmitt (2004) observed P. perniciosus only once in Southern Germany.…”

Section: Leishmaniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrospective Analysis of Canine Vector-borne Diseases (CVBD) in Germany with Emphasis on the Endemicity and Risk Factors of Leishmaniosis

et al. 2017

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A cross-sectional study was designed to provide data on the detection of canine vector-borne diseases (CVBDs) with special emphasis on leishmaniosis in Germany. For this purpose, results of blood or serum samples sent by local veterinarians to a veterinary diagnostic laboratory were retrospectively analysed. Samples were examined for Leishmania spp., Babesia spp., Ehrlichia canis, Dirofilaria immitis and Anaplasma phagocytophilum during the years 2004-2006. Erythrocyte stages of large Babesia spp. or Babesia DNA were found in 1.7 % of 9,966 blood smears and 3.3 % of 15,555 samples examined by PCR, respectively. Large Babesia merozoites were found more frequently in Giemsastained smears from dogs born in Germany when compared to blood samples of dogs originating from south or south-east European countries. A total of 15 blood samples of German dogs which have never been abroad were positive for Babesia DNA. Antibodies titres (>= 80) against Babesia canis were detected by IFAT in 11.5 % of 2,653 serum samples. Out of 570 samples 3.2 % were positive for E. canis using PCR. Antibodies against E. canis and A. phagocytophilum (both at titres >= 50) were detected by indirect IFAT in 15.1 % and 41.9 % of 18,652 and 794 serum samples, respectively. Using Knott's test 4.5 % of 440 blood samples were positive for microfilariae, and Dirofilaria immitis antigen was found by ELISA in 1.4 % of S132 Ectopar asitEs 9,381 serum samples. Leishmania spp. DNA was detected in 11 % of 301 whole blood or tissue samples examined by PCR. Antibodies against Leishmania were found in 23.5 % (23,665 samples) and 22.7 % (54,103 samples) of blood samples by IFAT (titres >= 50) and ELISA (>= 7 test units), respectively (2004-2006 versus 2014-2016). Antibodies against Leishmania (IFAT) were detected in 80.6 % (399/495) of dogs imported from endemic areas, in 57.6 % (34/59) of German dogs travelling outside Germany and in 4 (n = 8) German dogs without any history of travelling. Potential endemicity of leishmaniosis in Southern Germany was prospectively evaluated. For some of these infectious agents, sex or age of dogs and season were identified as risk factors.

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Clinical and molecular investigation of a canine distemper outbreak and vector-borne infections in a group of rescue dogs imported from Hungary to Switzerland

Cited by 28 publications

References 39 publications

Aetiology of Canine Infectious Respiratory Disease Complex and Prevalence of its Pathogens in Europe

Aetiology of Canine Infectious Respiratory Disease Complex and Prevalence of its Pathogens in Europe

Canine vaccination in Germany: A survey of owner attitudes and compliance

Retrospective Analysis of Canine Vector-borne Diseases (CVBD) in Germany with Emphasis on the Endemicity and Risk Factors of Leishmaniosis

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