Clinical and Molecular Features of Hürthle Cell Carcinoma of the Thyroid

Chindriş, Ana Maria; Casler, John D.; Bernet, Victor; Rivera, Michael; Thomas, Colleen; Kachergus, Jennifer M.; Necela, Brian M.; Hay, Ian; Westphal, Sydney A.; Grant, Clive S.; Thompson, Geoffrey B.; Schlinkert, Richard T.; Thompson, E. Aubrey; Smallridge, Robert C.

doi:10.1210/jc.2014-1634

Cited by 104 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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Section: Diagnosis and Management Of Head And Neck Cancermentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Five-year risk of recurrence or death was reported 0% in women with stages I-II compared to 17% in men. However, it was 91% among men with stages III-IV disease comparing to 74% of women in the same stage of disease [75]. • Low risk: intrathyroidal encapsulated tumors with minor capsular or vascular invasion (<4 foci) or ≤5 metastatic lymph nodes where the foci of metastases are <0.2 cm.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Thyroid Cancers: Considerations, Classifications, and Managements

Khosravi¹,

Kouhi²,

Saeedi³

et al. 2017

Diagnosis and Management of Head and Neck Cancer

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Rapidly increasing trend of thyroid cancer incidence has turned this disease into a global concern. An estimated number of 64,300 new cases of thyroid cancer occurred in men and women in 2016, which represents 3.8% of all new cancer cases of USA (htps://seer. cancer.gov/statfacts/html/thyro.html). Thus, there is a high possibility for every physician to encounter a case of thyroid cancer during his/her professional lifetime. In this chapter, we clariied epidemiology, diferent categories, and new approaches toward diagnosis and management of thyroid cancer.Keywords: thyroid cancer, epidemiology, diferentiated thyroid cancer, undiferentiated thyroid cancer, thyroid nodule Detailed epidemiology of thyroid cancerAs the most common endocrine cancer and ifth most common cancer in women, thyroid cancer includes approximately 1-1.5% of all new cases of cancer diagnosed annually in the USA based on previous data [1][2][3]. Thyroid cancer is more prevalent among women and those with positive family history of thyroid disease. Some prior studies have reported a worldwide increasing trend for thyroid cancer incidence in recent decades [4]. Annual percent change (APC) is a commonly used indicator for the assessment of changes in incidence. Based on US National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program, it has been reported 2.4% from 1980 to 1997 and 6.6% from 1997 to 2009 in both genders for thyroid cancer (data available at htp://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/thyro.html).© 2017 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.According to [2009][2010][2011][2012][2013] data, the rate of new cases of thyroid cancer was 13.9 per 100,000 men and women per year (Figure 1). Table 1 summarizes number of new cases per 100,000 persons by race/ethnicity and sex. A recently published study on adolescent cancer incidence during 1975-2012 has reported a 2.12% increase for females and 1.59% for males between 15 and 19 years of age [5]. However, there is a study indicating that thyroid cancer incidence trend has slowed following release of American Thyroid Association (ATA) guideline in 2009 [6, 7]. It has been reported that overall thyroid cancer incidence had an increasing trend about 8% per year from 2000 to 2009. But APC showed a deceleration about 3% in men and 2.8% in women, which was conined to tumors less than 2.9 cm of size for women [7].Also, thyroid cancer-related mortality was estimated to consist 0.3% of all cancer-related deaths in 2016. A 5-year survival rate of 98.1% has been reported for thyroid cancer. Despite increasing trend of incidence, thyroid cancer mortality has a relatively stable rate about 0.5 cases per 100,000 persons both from 1973 to 2002 and 2009 to 2013 [8, 9].In conclusion, it seems that thyroid cancer has been following an ...

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Section: Diagnosis and Management Of Head And Neck Cancermentioning

confidence: 83%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Thyroid Cancers: Considerations, Classifications, and Managements

Khosravi¹,

Kouhi²,

Saeedi³

et al. 2017

Diagnosis and Management of Head and Neck Cancer

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“…By definition, HCN are composed of 75% or more HC and are subclassified as benign (HCA, based on complete fibrous encapsulation and compression of the thyroid parenchyma around the adenoma) or malignant (HCC, based on the presence of capsular invasion, vascular invasion, extrathyroidal tissue invasion, nodal involvement, or distant metastasis) [13,14,15]. HC may also be present in a variety of nonneoplastic conditions such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis, nodular goiter, long-standing Graves' disease, irradiated thyroids, aging thyroids, thyroglossal duct cyst, and other thyroid neoplasms [13,16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Unique Case of Bilateral Hürthle Cell Adenoma in an Adolescent

Kochummen

Tong²,

Umpaichitra³

et al. 2016

Horm Res Paediatr

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Background: Hürthle cell (HC) neoplasms are rare among pediatric thyroid cancers. HC adenomas (HCA) are typically benign and localized unilaterally without recurrence, and they are thus treated by hemithyroidectomy. HC carcinomas (HCC) can be bilateral and are more aggressive, necessitating total thyroidectomy. Diagnosis relies upon surgical histopathology demonstrating invasion for classification as HCC or lack of invasion in HCA, since fine needle aspiration fails to differentiate between the two. Methods: We report a case of a 14-year-old adolescent female with bilateral HCA. She had an initial left hemithyroidectomy for a large nodule measuring 2 × 1.5 × 1.2 cm³ in the left lobe, while smaller subcentimeter nodules remained under surveillance in the right. One year later, a nodule in the right lobe doubled in size, necessitating a right hemithyroidectomy which also revealed HCA. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of bilateral HCA in pediatrics. It highlights the importance of close surveillance of persistent small nodules, even in patients with previously documented benign lesions such as HCA, which are typically thought to be unilateral and localized. Both HCA and HCC remain unpredictable in behavior, and treatment of HCA should be individualized.

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“…Previous studies showed rates of TERT promoter mutations varying between 13.9 and 36.4% in FTC with most studies showing rates of around 14-17% (Landa et al 2013, Liu et al 2013, Vinagre et al 2013, Shi et al 2015. In one study that included only HTC, TERT promoter mutations were screened in a subset of 61 cases, of which 8 (13.1%) harbored C228T mutation (Chindris et al 2015). In another study that included 25 cases of HTC, 4 (16%) of them harbored TERT promoter mutations (Landa et al 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

TERT promoter mutations in thyroid cancer: a report from a Middle Eastern population

Qasem¹,

Murugan²,

Al‐Hindi³

et al. 2015

Endocrine-Related Cancer

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Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter mutations C228T and C250T have recently been described in follicular cell-derived thyroid cancer (TC) in patients from North America and Europe. In this study, we explored whether these findings could be replicated in patients from a different ethnic group. We screened 17 benign thyroid adenomas and 265 TC samples from patients in the Middle East for these mutations by PCR and direct sequencing using DNA isolated from paraffin-embedded tumor tissues. None of the 17 benign adenomas harbored TERT promoter mutations. Of 265 TC, 34 (12.8%) harbored TERT promoter mutations, including 10/153 (6.5%) conventional papillary TC (CPTC), 8/57 (14.0%) follicular variant PTC, 9/30 (30%) tall cell variant PTC, 1/3 (30%) Hurthle cell thyroid cancer (HTC), 1/5 (20%) follicular TC, and 5/13 (38.5%) poorly differentiated TC. C250T mutation was present in only 6/265 (2.3%) cases, while C228T mutation was present in a total of 28/265 (10.6%) cases. These two mutations were mutually exclusive. TERT promoter mutations were significantly more common in older (R45 years) than younger patients and were associated with larger tumour size, vascular invasion, higher TNM stage (stage III and IV), BRAF V600E mutation and persistent/recurrent disease at 6-12 months after initial treatment and at the last follow up. These associations were stronger in non-CPTC. Thus, this study on a large cohort of TC patients from Middle East demonstrates that TERT promoter mutations are relatively common, especially in the non-CPTC, and are associated with more aggressive histopathological features, BRAF V600E mutation, and disease persistence/recurrence than the WT TERT.

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Clinical and Molecular Features of Hürthle Cell Carcinoma of the Thyroid

Cited by 104 publications

References 25 publications

Thyroid Cancers: Considerations, Classifications, and Managements

Thyroid Cancers: Considerations, Classifications, and Managements

A Unique Case of Bilateral Hürthle Cell Adenoma in an Adolescent

TERT promoter mutations in thyroid cancer: a report from a Middle Eastern population

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