Clinical and microbiological profile of adult inpatients with community acquired pneumonia in Ilorin, North Central, Nigeria

Abstract

Background: The optimal management of community acquired pneumonia (CAP) depends on the clinical and microbio- logical profile in the locality.
 Objectives: To determine the clinical and microbiological profile of patients admitted with CAP in Ilorin, Nigeria.
 Methods: One hundred and two consenting consecutively selected patients with clinical and radiologic confirmation of CAP were recruited in 12 months. The socio-demographic, physical examination and laboratory/radiologic parameters were documented in a questionnaire. Microbiological evaluation of their sputum was done and blood samples were taken for complete blood count, culture, serum urea and serological evaluation for atypical bacteria and some viral pathogens.
 Results: CAP constituted 5.9% of the total medical admissions during the one-year study period. The mean age of the pa- tients was 49 ± 22 years with the largest frequency in those aged 65 years and above. The commonest symptoms were short- ness of breath (96.1%) and cough (94.1%), with a median duration of 3 days from symptom onset to admission. Systemic hypertension was the commonest comorbid illness (25/102; 24.5%). Klebsiella pneumoniae was the predominant pathogen iso- lated (20/102; 28.1%). The susceptible antibiotics were Imipenem, Ceftazidime and Ceftriaxone. Intra-hospital mortality was 17.6%. CURB – 65 score of ≥ 2 and the presence of complications of CAP were the independent predictors of mortality.
 Conclusion: CAP constitutes a significant disease burden in Ilorin, Nigeria. Typical bacteria accounted for over half of the pathogens isolated from the patients with gram negative agents predominating. This highlights a possible shift in the micro- biological profile which could guide empirical treatment.
 Keywords: Community acquired pneumonia; microbiological profile; Nigeria.

Bacterial etiology of community-acquired pneumonia among adult patients in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Meta-analysis results showed that the pooled prevalence of bacterial etiology of CAP among adult patients was 39.18% (36.34–42.02). This report was in line with a study conducted in Sudan 42% [ 32 ] and lower than that in Ghana, 84.5% [ 33 ] Nigeria, 69.6% and 45.2% [ 34 , 35 ], Zambia 59% [ 36 ], Egypt 50.4% [ 37 ], Saudi Arabia 46.6% [ 38 ], Pakistan 75% [ 39 ], in a different region of India, 46.3%, 52.83%, 58.8%, 83% [ [40] , [41] , [42] , [43] ], Bangladesh 61.83% [ 44 ]; a multicenter study in China, 74.4% [ 31 ]; Asian countries, 44.8% [ 11 ] Iran, 44% [ 45 ] Spain, 50.7% [ 46 ] Vietnam, 61.8% [ 47 ] and Ukraine 100% [ 48 ]. This variation may be attributed to differences in the study setting, the characteristics of the study population, and sample size.…”

Etiology of bacterial pneumonia and multi-drug resistance pattern among pneumonia suspected patients in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…This finding is comparable with a previous review reporting the pooled prevalence of bacterial pneumonia in Sudan (33.33%), and a systematic review and meta-analysis of pneumonia in east African children (34%) [ 35 ], Sudan (42%) [ 36 ], Asian countries (44.8%) [ 37 ], Iran (44%) [ 38 ] and India (46.3%) [ 39 ]. On the contrary, the finding of the present systematic review and meta-analysis is massively higher than systematic review and meta-analysis on the pooled magnitude of pneumonia among under-five children in Ethiopia which accounted 18.03 [ 40 ] and lower than the study in Ghana 84.5% [ 41 ], Nigeria 69.6% and 45.2% [ 42 , 43 ], Zambia 59% [ 44 ], Egypt 50.4% [ 45 ], Pakistan 75% (37), in different regions of India 52.83% and 58.8%, 83% [ 46 , 47 ], Bangladesh 61.83% [ 48 ], multicenter study in China 74.4% [ 49 ], Spain 50.7% [ 50 ], and Vietnam 61.8% [ 51 ]. This could be due to differences in the study setting, genetic background of the study population, and sample size.…”

Bacteriological Profile and Multidrug Resistance Patterns of Isolates from Sputum of Adults with Community Acquired Pneumonia in Diobu, Port Harcourt, Nigeria: A Retrospective Study

“…In contrast to Hospital acquired pneumonia (HAP) which is defined as that acquired after a minimum of 48 hours stay in the hospital, Community acquired pneumonia refers to that contracted outside the hospital setting or before 48 hours of stay in the hospital [3]. It is a leading cause of sepsis [4], accounting for an ample portion of the global infectious diseases burden, mortality and morbidity; especially in resources challenged countries [5]. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates the annual global mortality arising from Community acquired pneumonia at between three and four million [6].…”