Clinical and Materials Sciences The Effect of Skylab on the Chemical Composition of Saliva

Brown, Lee R.; Frome, William J.; Wheatcroft, Merrill G.; Riggan, Linda J.; Bussell, Norman E.; Johnston, Dennis A.

doi:10.1177/00220345770560100101

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Some of these health problems include bone loss, muscle atrophy, cardiac dysrhythmias, and altered orientation [1, 2]. It has been reported that saliva composition is changed and oral health compromised during simulated skylab mission [3, 4]. Previous studies observed some adverse effects of simulated microgravity (HDT bed rest condition) on oral cavity [5–12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation by an Aeronautic Dentist on the Adverse Effects of a Six-Week Period of Microgravity on the Oral Cavity

Rai

Kaur

Foing

2011

International Journal of Dentistry

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Objective. HDT bed rest condition is a simulated microgravity condition in which subject lies on bed inclined −6 degree feet up. To determine the influence of a simulated microgravity (HDT bed rest) on oral cavity, 10 healthy male volunteers were studied before, during, just after, and after 6 weeks of the simulated microgravity condition of −6° head-down-tilt (HDT) bed rest. Materials and Methods. Facial nerve function, facial sensation, chemosensory system, salivary biomarkers were measured. Results. Lactate dehydrogenase, MIP 1 alpha, malonaldehyde, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, and thiocyanate were found to increase significantly, while flow rate, sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphate, protein, amylase activity, vitamin E and C, and mouth opening were decreased in simulation environments in contradiction to normal. The threshold for monosodium glutamate (MSG) and capsaicin increased during microgravity as compared to normal conditions. Moderate pain of teeth, facial oedema, mild pain, loss of sensation of pain and temperature, decreased tongue, and mandibular movement in simulation microgravity environments were observed. Conclusions. These results suggest that reversible effect of microgravity is oedema of face, change in taste, abnormal expression of face, teeth pain, and xerostomia. Further study will be required on large scale on long-term effects of microgravity on oral cavity to prevent the adverse effects.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation by an Aeronautic Dentist on the Adverse Effects of a Six-Week Period of Microgravity on the Oral Cavity

Rai

Kaur

Foing

2011

International Journal of Dentistry

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“…Spaceflight also affects oral hard and soft tissues. Limited information is available about the effects of microgravity on oral tissues, including the mandible and teeth , salivary glands , and saliva .…”

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confidence: 99%

Response of the mouse sublingual gland to spaceflight

Dagdeviren

Beallias

Khan

et al. 2018

European J Oral Sciences

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The ultrastructure and immunohistochemistry of secretory proteins of sublingual glands were studied in mice flown on the US space shuttles Discovery [Space Transportation System (STS)-131] and Atlantis (STS-135). No differences in mucous acinar or serous demilune cell structure were observed between sublingual glands of ground (control) and flight mice. In contrast, previous studies showed autophagy and apoptosis of parotid serous acinar cells in flight mice. The expression of parotid secretory protein (PSP) in sublingual demilune cells of STS-131 flight mice was significantly increased compared with ground (control) mice but decreased in STS-135 flight mice. Similarly, expression of mucin (MUC-19) in acinar cells and expression of the type II regulatory subunit of protein kinase A (PKA-RII) in demilune cells were increased in STS-131 flight mice and decreased in STS-135 flight mice, but not significantly. Demilune cell and parotid protein (DCPP) was slightly decreased in mice from both flights, and nuclear PKA-RII was slightly increased. These results indicate that the response of salivary glands to spaceflight conditions varies among the different glands, cell types, and secretory proteins. Additionally, the spaceflight environment, including the effects of microgravity, modifies protein expression. Determining changes in salivary proteins may lead to development of non-invasive methods to assess the physiological status of astronauts.

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“…It is widely assumed that anxiety decreases salivation (Cannon, 1953). Actual empirical evidence on the effects of anxiety on saliva volume is both limited and contradictory, with researchers reporting decreased salivation (Bates & Adams, 1968;Morse, Furst, & Schacterle, 1986;Winsor, 1930), increased salivation (Brown et al, 1977) and no change (Ben-Aryeh et al, 1985). Studies in this area have utilised diverse stressors ranging from anticipation of electric shock to actual Skylab missions.…”

Section: University Of Canterburymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, in a naturalistic study, Brown et al (1977) examined salivary flow rates in 9 Skylab crew members over three missions. They found increases in salivary flow rate in preflight and postflight phases during one out of three missions.…”

Section: University Of Canterburymentioning

confidence: 99%

Insensitivity of Salivation to Fear Arousal in Women with Spider Phobias

Lawson

Bulik

1995

Behav. change

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We examined salivary reactivity in 11 women with simple phobia of spiders and 11 controls in response to a spider and a neutral cue. No differences in salivary reactivity were observed across diagnosis or conditions. Clear reactivity in heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and subjective units of distress were observed. Salivary reactivity was unrelated to any other measure of reactivity. These results suggest that a decrease in salivation is not a universal response to acute anxiety.

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Clinical and Materials Sciences The Effect of Skylab on the Chemical Composition of Saliva

Cited by 16 publications

References 20 publications

Evaluation by an Aeronautic Dentist on the Adverse Effects of a Six-Week Period of Microgravity on the Oral Cavity

Evaluation by an Aeronautic Dentist on the Adverse Effects of a Six-Week Period of Microgravity on the Oral Cavity

Response of the mouse sublingual gland to spaceflight

Insensitivity of Salivation to Fear Arousal in Women with Spider Phobias

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