Clinical and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Features of Inflammatory Versus Neoplastic Medial Retropharyngeal Lymph Node Mass Lesions in Dogs and Cats

Johnson, Philippa J.; Elders, Richard; Pey, Pascaline; Dennis, Ruth

doi:10.1111/vru.12288

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…However, this feature may also be considered in a small number of cases as a normal node variant. Magnetic resonance imaging is another modality that can bring additional information in differentiating between neoplastic and inflammatory lymph nodes . Similar imaging features such as loss of the nodal hilus or heterogeneity are expected in metastatic lymph nodes due to tonsillar neoplasia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computed tomographic appearance of canine tonsillar neoplasia: 14 cases

Thierry

Longo

Pecceu

et al. 2017

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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The palatine tonsil is an uncommon site of oral canine neoplasia. For affected tonsils, squamous cell carcinoma is the most frequent type of neoplasia, followed by melanoma and lymphoma. Computed tomography (CT) is increasingly used for investigation of canine oropharyngeal pathology; however, limited information is available on the CT appearance of tonsillar neoplasms. Objectives of this retrospective descriptive case series were to characterize the CT features of canine tonsillar neoplasia and determine whether specific CT features differentiate nonneoplastic from neoplastic tonsils. Computed tomographic studies of 14 dogs diagnosed with tonsillar neoplasia were retrieved from two referral hospitals and reviewed by two observers. Diagnosis was based on histology or cytology. Carcinoma was diagnosed in 11 dogs, melanoma in two and lymphoma in one dog. Specific CT features of the tonsil and regional lymph nodes did not differentiate neoplastic from nonneoplastic tonsillar diseases, but regional lymph node CT features were useful for diagnosis in some cases. Marked enlargement (width ≥ 18 mm, 12/18), heterogeneity (16/18), and loss of the hypoattenuating hilus (18/18) of the medial retropharyngeal lymph node were common concomitant features of tonsillar neoplasia. The medial retropharyngeal and mandibular lymphadenomegaly was ipsilateral to the neoplastic tonsil in 8/12 and 6/9 dogs, respectively. Five dogs demonstrated little or no enlargement of the tonsil despite the associated metastatic lymphadenomegaly. Tonsillar neoplasia should therefore be considered as a differential diagnosis for dogs with CT evidence of isolated medial retropharyngeal lymphadenomegaly (regardless of normally sized tonsils), or of any enlarged tonsil with no associated lymphadenomegaly.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computed tomographic appearance of canine tonsillar neoplasia: 14 cases

Thierry

Longo

Pecceu

et al. 2017

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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“…The ability of diffusion‐weighted MRI to differentiate between metastatic and benign lymph nodes has been demonstrated in human clinical studies as well as several experimental studies in animal models, where the ADC values of metastatic or malignant lymph nodes were found to be significantly lower than benign lymph nodes . The magnetic resonance appearance of presumed normal lymph nodes of the canine head and neck has been described, and a study evaluating the magnetic resonance appearance (not including diffusion‐weighted MRI) of neoplastic vs. inflammatory medial retropharyngeal lymph node mass lesions in both dogs and cats has been performed . However, to the authors’ knowledge, no studies have described the application of diffusion‐weighted MRI in the differentiation between benign and metastatic lymph nodes in dogs with naturally occurring disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Morphologic imaging techniques (such as computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)) can be used to detect enlarged lymph nodes, and previous veterinary studies have identified certain imaging characteristics that may aid in differentiation between benign (term used in this paper to include normal and reactive lymph nodes) and metastatic lymph nodes. Such imaging characteristics include perinodal contrast enhancement, presence of rim and/or heterogeneous contrast enhancement, and an abnormal hilus . These lymph node imaging characteristics may aid in ranking metastatic vs. benign diagnoses, although cytologic or histologic sampling is still required for confirmation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging is a feasible method for characterizing regional lymph nodes in canine patients with head and neck disease

Stahle¹,

Larson

Rossmeisl

et al. 2018

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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In dogs diagnosed with solid tumors, regional lymph node involvement or evidence of distant metastasis can predict worse prognoses and significantly decreased survival. Lymph node size alone has been shown to be insufficient as a predictor for the accurate clinical staging of some canine neoplasia. However, certain regional lymph nodes (including those of the oral cavity) are difficult to access for routine tissue sampling. Diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has demonstrated the ability to differentiate metastatic from inflammatory/benign lymph nodes in clinical studies with human cancer patients through the calculation of quantitative values of diffusion termed apparent diffusion coefficients (ADC). The objective of this prospective, exploratory study was to evaluate diffusion-weighted MRI and ADC as potential methods for detecting metastatic lymph nodes in dogs with naturally occurring disease. We hypothesized that diffusion-weighted MRI would identify significantly different ADC values between benign and metastatic lymph nodes in a group of canine patients with head or neck disease. Our study population consisted of eight client-owned canine patients, with a total of 20 lymph nodes evaluated (six metastatic, 14 benign). Our results demonstrated that two of four observers identified a significant difference between the mean ADC values of the benign and metastatic lymph nodes.When data from all four observers were pooled, the difference between the mean apparent diffusion coefficients values of the benign and metastatic lymph nodes did not reach significance (P-value = 0.0566). Findings indicated that diffusion-weighted MRI is a feasible method for further characterizing enlarged lymph nodes in dogs with head and neck disease, however measured ADC values did not differ for benign vs. metastatic lymph nodes in this small sample of dogs.

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“…However, a recent study contradicts this statement, showing that this diagnostic tool demonstrates poor sensitivity in the detection of lymph node metastasis from tumours of canine head, particularly for micrometastasis (Skinner et al, 2018). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may also be used for staging purposes, as it is superior in evaluation of soft tissue involvement compared to CT (Vestraete, 2005;Johnson et al, 2016).…”

Section: Clinical Stagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Canine oral fibrosarcoma: Changes in prognosis over the last 30 years?

Martano

Iussich

Morello

et al. 2018

The Veterinary Journal

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Canine oral fibrosarcoma (oFSA) is a malignant, infiltrating, mesenchymal tumour affecting the oral cavity primarily of medium to large middle aged dogs. The diagnosis often is made late in the course of the disease, due to the frequent caudal location of the tumour, and histopathology is not always sufficient to discriminate undifferentiated oFSA from other poorly differentiated malignant mesenchymal tumours occurring at the same site, especially in small biopsy samples. The literature exclusively relating to oFSA is limited and outcome data following treatment are difficult to compare. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the literature spanning the last 30 years, specifically with regard to different treatment modalities in their relation to prognosis of canine oFSA.Overall, the survival rate for dogs with oFSA has improved in recent years (overall survival 247 to 743 days, as opposed to 30 -540 days in papers published before 2000), probably due to better surgical planning. The major concern in clinical management of canine oFSA is the high local rate of recurrence (up to 57%), whereas metastasis occurs late in about 10-14% of affected dogs. Wide surgical excision is the mainstay of treatment. Initially, the tumour was considered to be radioresistant, but the combination of surgery and radiotherapy seems to be the most promising treatment modality at present. Despite a histopathological diagnosis of a low grade tumour, an aggressive treatment approach is always warranted to cure oFSA, but the ability to control local disease still represents the major challenge.

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Clinical and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Features of Inflammatory Versus Neoplastic Medial Retropharyngeal Lymph Node Mass Lesions in Dogs and Cats

Cited by 14 publications

References 33 publications

Computed tomographic appearance of canine tonsillar neoplasia: 14 cases

Computed tomographic appearance of canine tonsillar neoplasia: 14 cases

Diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging is a feasible method for characterizing regional lymph nodes in canine patients with head and neck disease

Canine oral fibrosarcoma: Changes in prognosis over the last 30 years?

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