Clinical and Laboratory Assessment of Trachoma in South Australia

Moore, M. C.; Howarth, W.H.; Wilson, Kathryn J.; Derrington, A. W.; Surman, P.G.

doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1965.tb18901.x

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Contrary to the beliefs of half a century ago, the disease is not dependent on a hot dry dusty climate, on malnutrition or on the presence of insect carriers (Mann, 1966), nor are the disabling sequellae related to the ecological factors (variations in climate, geography, virulence of the organism or susceptibility of the host) or to intensity of early microbiologic infection, but they are associated with the duration of the infection (Nichols et al, 1967). Apparently the common factor is a low standard of personal hygiene and cleanliness (Shah, 1959;Moore et al, 1965;Mann, 1966), and hence the disease thrives under conditions of poverty, overcrowding, ignorance (Shah, 1959;Werner et al, 1964) and undernourishment (Shah, 1959). Again, the duration of the infection and hence the serious complications are also thought to be determined by the living conditions of the subjects (Nichols et.…”

Section: Incidencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, if the standards of living and hygiene are improved, the prevalence of the infection declines dramatically (Werner et al, 1964;Mann, 1966) and this has been observed in Finland where trachoma disappeared in the 1950's (Werner et al, 1964). SYMPTOMS When trachoma occurs in the pure form (trachome pur), it is a mild infection (Hogan and Zimmerman, 1962) which has no symptoms (Duke-Elder, 1965), or is almost symptomless (Shah, 1959;Mann, 1960a;Moore et al, 1965). The onset is insidious (Mann, 1960b;Duke-Elder, 1965) particularly in children (Greer, 1963) and the condition may be so mild as to excite little or no attention until cicatrization manifests itself later in the disease (Duke-Elder, 1970).…”

Section: Incidencementioning

confidence: 99%

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Trachoma

Collin

1970

Clinical and Experimental Optometry

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Trachoma affects about one‐sixth of the world's population. It is prevalent among the Australian Aboriginals and is becoming more frequent among the white population, particularly school children. The incidence. clinical characteristics, pathology and treatment of trachoma are reviewed. Trachoma was given its name by the first centry Greek physician Dioscorides in his famous De Materia Medica. The name comes from the Greek word ‘trachys' meaning rough and this describes the most obvious feature of the disease, viz., a roughening of the conjunctiva.

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Section: Incidencementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Incidencementioning

confidence: 99%

Trachoma

Collin

1970

Clinical and Experimental Optometry

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“…The people were living in close personal contact with each other "without the slightest notion of personal hygiene" (p. 443). Moore, Howarth et al (1965) in a survey conducted into the prevalence of trachoma in the far north of South Australia observed that mothers with infants in their arms would often bmsh flies from their own eyes and automatically wipe the infant's eyes using the same finger, whether flies were present or not.…”

Section: • Poor Personal and Community Hygienementioning

confidence: 99%

Vision screening of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Island children in far north Queensland

Tourky¹

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This study is concerned with the vision and eye health problems of indisenous children living in remote communities of far north Queensland in Australia.Those living in remote areas often have little or no access to the services that urban communities take for granted. There are also cultural differences which may inhibit access and further disadvantage indigenous communities. Since a screening service is the first step in determining whether treatment is required, there are strong equity reasons for undertaking a screening program in these communities.The most comprehensive screening of indigenous Australians was initiated as the National Trachoma and Eye Health Program (NTEHP) two decades ago. This program found that trachoma was endemic in some communities witkmany older persons suffering a substantial loss of vision. The relationship of eye health to climate and hv^iene was also noted in older adults. Although chemotherapy was undertaken in some areas, ongoing treatment and changes to the environment to destroy the persistence of chlamydia infections were advocated as continuing action. Despite these recommendations, there are only a few recent reports of relevant treatment and environmental changes and of these, most concern communities in the arid centre of Australia. The study reported in this thesis focussed on children in far north Queensland because there is little recent information about their vision and eye health and some of the major problems reported for adults may be prevented if screening and treatment is undertaken during childhood. Taylor (1997) compared the prevalence of follicular trachoma among Aboriginal children in the NTEHP surveys (1976)(1977)(1978)(1979) with current data (1989)(1990)(1991)(1992)(1993)(1994)(1995)(1996). Although he showed that substantial numbers of children were still affected by follicular trachoma in many areas of Australia, he could not make the comparison for Queensland as no current data were available. References • •• 174 Appendices 198 XVI LIST OF TABLES 2.1 Royal National Institute for the Blind Services 3.1 Number of Boys and Girls in Test Trials at Each Age Level 3.2 Development of Photographic Procedure 3.3 Development of Slit Lamp 4.1 Number of Children Screened in Each Community 4.2 Number of Children with Complete Assessments in Each Community 4.3 Number of Children at Different Age Levels 4.4 Distance Vision Results 4.3 Near Vision Results 4.6 Children with Strabismus 4.7 Strabismus by Age 4.8 Children with Eyelid Problems 4;9 Eyelid Problems by Age 4.10 Children with Pterygia 4.11 Pterygia by Age 4.12 Children with Other Eye Conditions 4.13 Other Eye Health Conditions by Age 133

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