“…The pathogenesis of YFV-AVD is similar to severe WT YFV infection with high case-fatality rates characterized by viral replication in numerous visceral tissues and liver histopathology (Belsher et al, 2007;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2002;Cetron et al, 2002;Chan et al, 2001;Gerasimon & Lowry, 2005;Martin et al, 2001;Monath et al, 2013;Vasconcelos et al, 2001). Evaluation of the immune response in a few cases of YFV-17D-associated adverse events found elevated levels of liver enzymes and cytokines similar to WT YFV infection (Bae et al, 2008;Silva et al, 2010). It has been shown that YFV-17D can infect monocytes/macrophages and endothelial cells (Goodman & Koprowski, 1962;Khaiboullina et al, 2005;Liprandi & Walder, 1983;Meier et al, 2009;Schlesinger & Brandriss, 1981), and it has been proposed that these cells are a source of dysregulated cytokine secretion leading to sepsis (Khaiboullina et al, 2005;Monath & Barrett, 2003).…”