Clinical and epidemiological studies on canine hepatozoonosis in Zaria, Nigeria

Ezeokoli, C. D.; Ogunkoya, Albert; Abdullahi, Raihana Idris; Tekdek, L. B.; Sannusi, A.; Ilemobade, A. A.

doi:10.1111/j.1748-5827.1983.tb00385.x

Cited by 36 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…As far as the age-and sex-wise prevalence of CME is concerned several authors have observed the prevalence of haemoprotozoan infections to be highest in young dogs (Ezekoli et al 1983;Abdullahi et al 1990;Samaradni et al 2005;Lakshmanan et al 2006). In the current study it was also seen that age had a significant effect on the occurrence of CME which is consistent with earlier studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular prevalence and risk factors for the occurrence of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis

Milanjeet¹,

Singh²,

Singh³

et al. 2014

Vet. Med.

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Evaluation of blood samples collected from 214 dogs from Ludhiana, Punjab (India) was performed for the presence of Ehrlichia canis using PCR-based assays targeting a portion of the 16S rRNA gene. Of the total samples subjected to routine blood smear examination, the morulae of E. canis were detected in 2.34% samples. Nested PCR assay produced amplicons of expected size (389 bp) specific for E. canis in 41.59% (89/214) of samples. The results of multivariate analysis showed that the prevalence of E. canis was higher in the summer as compared to the winter season (P = 0.031) and in dogs younger than six-month-old as compared to older dogs (P < 0.001), while breed and sex of the host were not significantly associated with the occurrence of the disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular prevalence and risk factors for the occurrence of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis

Milanjeet¹,

Singh²,

Singh³

et al. 2014

Vet. Med.

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“…Στις τε λευταίες περιλαμβάνεται η ανορεξία, η κατάπτωση, ο λή θαργος, η απώλεια σωματικού βάρους, η ωχρότητα των βλεννογόνων, το βλεννοπυώδες οφθαλμικό ή/και ρινικό έκκριμα, ο πυρετός, η λεμφαδενοπάθεια και η δυσκινησία ή/και χωλότητα των άκρων (Ezeokoli et al 1983, Elias and Homans 1988, Kontos and Koutinas 1990, Baneth and Weigler 1997, Gondim et al 1998. Οι παραπάνω κλινικές εκδηλώσεις δεν είναι πάντα εύκολο να αποδο θούν στο Η. canis, λόγω των συχνών σΰμμικτων μολύνσε ων, ενώ η σοβαρότητα τους φαίνεται να είναι ανάλογη του βαθμού της παρασιταιμίας (Baneth and Weigler 1997).…”

Section: κλινικη εικοναunclassified

“…Η διπροπιονική ιμιδοκάρβη (5 mg/Kg ΣΒ, κάθε 14 ημέρες, υποδόρια), μέχρι την εξαφάνιση της παρασιται-μιας, με ή χωρίς τη δοξυκυκλινη (5 mg/Kg ΣΒ, κάθε 12 ώρες, από το στόμα, για 3 εβδομάδες), αποτελεί σήμερα το πιο αποτελεσματικό θεραπευτικό σχήμα για το Η. canis (Vincent-Johnson et al 1997b. Αν και η κλινική ΰφεση επέρχεται συνήθως σε λίγες ημέρες, η εξαφάνιση της παρασιταιμιας επιτυγχάνεται σε διάστημα τ έως και 2 μηνών, ενώ οι υποτροπές είναι μάλλον συχνές (Ezeokoli et al 1983, Elias and Homans 1988.…”

Section: θεραπεια-προληψηunclassified

“…Σε ανάλογες επιζωοτιολογικές μελέτες, η συχνό τητα ανεύρεσης γαμετοκυττάρων, σε επιχρίσματα περι φερικού αίματος σκύλων, κυμάνθηκε από 1% έως 39.2% (Ezeokoli et al 1983, Rajamanickam et al 1984, Baneth et al 1996, O, Dwyer et al 2001). Στην Ελλάδα, το H. canis διαπιστώθηκε για πρώτη φορά στο σκΰλο το 1980 (Kontos and Koutinas 1990).…”

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Canine hepatozoonosis: an update

Mylonakis

Petanides

Koutinas

2017

J Hellenic Vet Med Soc

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Canine hepatozoonosis is caused by two different Hepatozoon species, responsible for distinct clinical syndromes. Hepatozoonosis beyond the United States is caused by Hepatozoon canis, transmitted by the tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus, whereas North American hepatozoonosis is caused by H. americanum, transmitted by Amblyomma maculatum. The former appears to be well adapted to its canine host, causing mostly subclinical or a mild clinical disease. Anorexia, depression, lethargy, fever, lymphadenopathy and body-weight loss are the most common clinical manifestations, which may be precipitated by concurrent infectious diseases or drug-induced immunosuppression. H. canis infection is mosdy diagnosed by the detection of intraneutrophilic gamonts in Giemsa-stained blood smears. Occasionally, a high level parasitemia may be observed (100% of circulating neutrophils), though moderate parasitemia (1-5%) is more common. Imidocarb dipropionate, with or without doxycycline, usually leads in rapid clinical remission and elimination of parasitemia, although relapses are not uncommon. In marked contrast, H. americanum, a recendy emerged pathogen, apparendy poorly adapted to dogs, is responsible for a severe chronic debilitating and often fatal disease. Fever, generalized pain, muscle atrophy and reluctance to move are prominent clinical symptoms attributable mainly to severe pyogranulomatous myositis and periosteal proliferative lesions. Since parasitemia is rarely found in H. americanum infection, a solid diagnosis should be based on muscle histopathology and/or serology. The combination of trimethoprime-sulphadiazine, clindamycin and pyrimethamine (induction phase), followed by long-term administration of the anticoccidial decoquinate (maintenance phase), achieves clinical remission and prolongs survival time, although relapses may frequently occur.

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“…It has been reported from many geographic areas, including Africa, southern Europe, Asia and South America (Craig 1990;Murata et al 1991;Baneth and Vincent-Johnson 2005;Karagenc et al 2006;Little et al 2009). Studies performed on the prevalence of H. canis parasitaemia in different regions of world revealed a range from 1% to 39.2% (Ezeokoli et al 1983;Baneth et al 1996;O'Dwyer et al 2001;Karagenc et al 2006). The first case of canine hepatozoonosis in Turkey was described in 1933 (Tüzdil 1933), and in the following years, its occurrence in the Aegean region of Turkey was published (Voyvoda et al 2004;Karagenc et al 2006;Pasa et al 2009).…”

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confidence: 99%

Failure of combination therapy with imidocarb dipropionate and toltrazuril to clear Hepatozoon canis infection in dogs

et al. 2011

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Current treatments with imidocarb dipropionate for infected dogs with Hepatozoon canis do not always provide parasitological cure. The objective of this study is to determine whether concomitant use of toltrazuril may potentiate the effect of imidocarb dipropionate in the management of H. canis infection (HCI). Twelve dogs were determined to have naturally HCI based on clinical signs, identification of the parasite in blood smears, and serologic assay. The animals were allocated randomly to one of two groups (n = 6 in each group). Dogs in Imi group were given imidocarb dipropionate at a dose of 6 mg/kg body weight subcutaneously in two injections 14 days apart. Imi plus Toltra group was given imidocarb dipropionate as dose mentioned above and toltrazuril at 10 mg/kg/day orally for the first five treatment days. Clinical findings, blood counts and parasitaemia levels in blood before and 14, 28 and 56 days after the initial treatment were performed to evaluate treatment response. The overall clinical efficacy of imidocarb dipropionate with and without toltrazuril was 83.3% and 66.7%, respectively; with a mean recovery time of 21.0 and 25.6 days, respectively. A substantial main effect of time on mean PCV, Hb, WBC, neutrophil and PLT and gradual reduction of parasitaemia were significantly observed in both groups (P < 0.05), whereas no significant difference was noticed between the studied protocols. The parasitologic cure rate at the end of eight weekly observation period was 16.6% and 33.3% in Imi and Imi plus Toltra groups, respectively. Similar clinicopathologic and parasitologic responses were observed in both treated groups; thus, it was concluded that toltrazuril does not reveal additional benefit to imidocarb therapy in dogs with HCI.

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Clinical and epidemiological studies on canine hepatozoonosis in Zaria, Nigeria

Cited by 36 publications

References 0 publications

Molecular prevalence and risk factors for the occurrence of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis

Molecular prevalence and risk factors for the occurrence of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis

Canine hepatozoonosis: an update

Failure of combination therapy with imidocarb dipropionate and toltrazuril to clear Hepatozoon canis infection in dogs

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