Clinical and Epidemiological Characteristics of Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients in Hormozgan, Iran: A Retrospective, Multicenter Study

Abstract

Background: To better manage the COVID-19 pandemic, it is necessary to carefully study information about patients with COVID-19. Objective: To report clinical and epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 patients in southern Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted based on data extracted from the COVID-19 registry of Hormozgan. Data from patients with confirmed COVID-19 based on CT-scan results or real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) results until September 25, 2020, were analyzed for this study (2351 inpatients). We reported demographics, signs and symptoms on admission, comorbidities, and treatments, as well as clinical outcomes, hospital stay, and intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Results: Most of patients were men (1235/2351; 52.5%) and the most common signs and symptoms included cough (1343/2351; 57.1%), shortness of breath (1224/2351; 52.1%) and fever. The most common comorbidities included hypertension (410/2351 (17.4%), diabetes (343/2351; 14.6%) and chronic cardiac disease (282/2351; 12%). Also, 228 patients (9.7%) were hospitalized in the ICU. The mortality rate was 12.5% (295/2351) among all patients and 64.5% (147/228) in ICU wards, respectively. The number of cases with comorbidities including hypertension, chronic cardiac disease, diabetes, chronic neurological disorders, chronic kidney disease, chronic hematologic disease, malignant neoplasm, moderate or severe liver disease, dementia and fauvism in the ICU was significantly higher than the general wards. Conclusion: Most characteristics of our patients were similar to those reported in other studies; however, our patients were younger and suffered from a less severe disease. The mortality rate in the ICU was higher than other studies.

Intensive Care and Organ Support Related Mortality in Patients With COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…After screening by abstract and title, 571 articles were selected for full-text assessment. In total, 157 studies evaluating 948,309 patients were included in the meta-analysis (9–159). The characteristics of all the included studies are shown in Table S1 (http://links.lww.com/CCX/B152).…”

Clinical Outcomes and Direct Medical Expenditures Associated With Intensive Care Unit Admission for Inpatients With COVID-19 in Jordan: A Retrospective Cohort Study

“… 24 In a cross-sectional retrospective study that was conducted in Iran, 64.5% mortality rate (147 of 228) in ICU wards was reported. 17 In a larger sample of patients with COVID-19 admitted to ICUs in public hospitals of Abu Dhabi, 12.7% of 1542 ICU admitted patients died. 16 The reasons for the observed variability in ICU admission and ICU mortality between the studies are multifactorial and may reflect the variations in the number of patients included in the analysis, disease severity and clinical characteristics of patients such as those who received invasive mechanical ventilation, critical care capacity and setting, or treatment procedures.…”

“…These findings emphasized what was reported in countries with close sociodemographic characteristics. 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 For instance, in addition to age, diabetes was associated with admission to the ICU in patients with COVID-19 in Kuwait (OR 1.78 [95% confidence interval 1.17-2.70]). 15 Several studies examined the factors associated with ICU admission and poor outcomes among patients hospitalized with COVID-19 overall the world.…”

“… 29 Other chronic diseases associated with death in Middle East countries were type 2 diabetes, cancer, and CVD. 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 Finally, age was repeatedly recognized as one of the parameters in the proposed risk scores for mortality prediction in patients with COVID-19. 30 , 31 , 32 Understanding factors that can predict adverse outcomes among patients with COVID-19 would be very crucial in stratifying critical cases and prioritizing and optimizing the treatment practice and supportive care in this life-threatening pandemic.…”