Clinical and Cost Effectiveness of Neuromodulation Devices in the Treatment of Headaches: Focus on Non-invasive Therapies

Remote Electrical Neuromodulation for the Acute Treatment of Episodic and Chronic Migraine

“…4 Noninvasive neuromodulation represents an emerging alternative for the acute treatment of migraine, 7,8 and can even be cost-effective in certain instances. 9 However, the efficacy of most neuromodulation devices has seemed inferior to that reported for migraine-specific pharmacological treatments. [10][11][12][13] The aim of this paper is to provide a subjective review of peer-reviewed, evidence-based literature on remote electrical neuromodulation (REN) and its applications.…”