Clinical and biochemical characteristics of collapsed ultramarathon runners

Lm, Holtzhausen; Td, Noakes; Kroning, B; M, de Klerk; Roberts, M; R, Emsley

doi:10.1249/00005768-199409000-00005

Cited by 82 publications

(39 citation statements)

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“…However, as parasympathetic tone is associated with a cardiac deceleration and a lowering of blood pressure, high parasympathetic tone, or a strong shift towards parasympathetic dominance in the fractional distribution of autonomic power, is not necessarily always optimal and is implicated in several dysfunctional phenomena such as reduced perfusion, syncopy (Li, Hu & Li, 1996) and perhaps symptoms of overtraining in athletes (Karvonen, EFFECT OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF SPORTS ON RESTING HEART RATE VARIABILITY 1992; Aubert, 2003 Emsley, 1994). In view of the role of the autonomic nervous system in syncopy (Li et al, 1996) and evidence that autonomic dysregulation may occur in overtraining (Aubert et al, 2003), it is feasible that such a dysregulation may also play a role in the exerciseassociated collapse of endurance events.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of different types of sports on resting heart rate variability and autonomic nervous system balance

Grant

Rensburg²,

Grant³

2008

Af. J. Phys, Health Edu. Rec. & Dance

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Heart rate variability (HRV) refers to the beat-to-beat variation in heart rate, largely due to fluctuating influences of the autonomic nervous system. There are indications that active participation in sport can alter the resting HRV and autonomic nervous system balance. The aim of this preliminary study was to determine whether different sports have different effects on autonomic balance, and whether HRV differs when top performers from their respective fields are compared. HRV measured in a control group and three groups of elite South African athletes were compared: endurance athletes, field hockey players and skydivers. Time domain, frequency domain and Poincaré analyses of baseline HRV were used to determine whether a difference exists between the three groups. Results were compared by means of a Kruskal-Wallis one way analysis of variance statistical test. This study indicated statistically significant differences between elite athletes from different sport types and a control group with regard to HRV and resting autonomic regulation of cardiac function. Of the three groups the endurance athletes had the highest HRV, as well as the highest vagal tone. The skydivers recorded the lowest HRV with sympathetic nervous system dominance. The control group and hockey players showed intermediate values between the other two groups for all parameters. Different types of sports influence resting autonomic balance to different extents. The results of this study point towards higher fitness levels, in terms of autonomic control of cardiac function in participants involved in aerobic-demanding sports activities. Lower HRV and increased sympathetic CV influence in the skydiving group may indicate increased dysrhythmogenic risk. Further studies conducted during non-participating periods and also in the later, postparticipation years are recommended.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of different types of sports on resting heart rate variability and autonomic nervous system balance

Grant

Rensburg²,

Grant³

2008

Af. J. Phys, Health Edu. Rec. & Dance

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“…Much more common than the potentially lethal cardiac and heatstroke etiologies of atraumatic athletic collapse, is what is now termed exercise-associated collapse, which has mostly been described in the setting of road races and triathlons [42]. This is typically characterized by an athlete who collapses either immediately upon crossing the finish line or within a few moments of finishing.…”

Section: Exercise-associated Collapsementioning

confidence: 99%

Collapsed athlete – atraumatic

Wen

2014

Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med

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There are several potential causes for an athlete to collapse without trauma on the playing or practice field. Fortunately, most of the time the etiology is benign and recovery is rapid and uneventful. However, when faced with a collapsed athlete, medical personnel need to be prepared for life-threatening conditions until these conditions are ruled out. The most common cause of atraumatic sudden death in athletes is cardiac arrest, usually because of a variety of underlying cardiac conditions. Immediate initiation of CPR with rapid AED use can be the key to survival. Rectal temperature can detect possible heat stroke with need for immediate cooling instituted prior to athlete transport. Exertional hyponatremia is another cause of life-threatening collapse in prolonged endurance events such as marathons and triathlons.

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“…So finden sich in der Literatur kasuistische Hinweise auf schwere, teilweise tödliche Hyponatriämien in Verbindung mit einer hypotonen Hyperhydration bei gesunden Teilnehmern nach langen Ausdauerbelastungen [13,15] …”

Section: Natriumverlustunclassified

Volumen- und Elektrolytstörungen bei Ausdauersport

Schramm

Predel

2006

Internist

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Long-lasting endurance exercise is associated with significant losses of fluid and sodium chloride, mainly due to sweat loss. To maintain endurance capacity and to avoid negative health consequences, endurance athletes should, therefore, drink fluids containing electrolytes during and after training or competition. In long-lasting endurance exercise it is recommended that athletes drink about 600-800 ml/h of fluid including adequate substitution of sodium. The excessive ingestion of fluid, however, brings about a danger of hyponatremia, which can be avoided by suitable measures. Body weight control is one of the parameters that should be carefully monitored before and after intensive endurance exercise.

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Clinical and biochemical characteristics of collapsed ultramarathon runners

Cited by 82 publications

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The effect of different types of sports on resting heart rate variability and autonomic nervous system balance

The effect of different types of sports on resting heart rate variability and autonomic nervous system balance

Collapsed athlete – atraumatic

Volumen- und Elektrolytstörungen bei Ausdauersport

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