Clinical Anatomy of the Canine Brain Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Leigh, Edmund J.; Mackillop, Edward; Robertson, Ian; Hudson, Lola C.

doi:10.1111/j.1740-8261.2008.00336.x

Cited by 53 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The prominent layer IV of the visual cortex is depicted in figure 3 [25]. While previously described surface landmarks were important in formulating the Occ, AF, and OF ROIs, these cytoarchitectural findings delineating functional cortical areas confirmed our ROI placement [30–33]. …”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 73%

Segmentation of the Canine Corpus Callosum Using Diffusion-Tensor Imaging Tractography

Pierce

Calabrese

White

et al. 2014

American Journal of Roentgenology

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Background We set out to determine functional white matter (WM) connections passing through the canine corpus callosum useful for subsequent studies of canine brains that serve as models for human WM pathway disease. Based on prior studies, we anticipated that the anterior corpus callosum would send projections to the anterior cerebral cortex while progressively posterior segments would send projections to more posterior cortex. Methods A post mortem canine brain was imaged using a 7T MRI producing 100 micron isotropic resolution DTI analyzed by tractography. Using ROIs within cortical locations, which were confirmed by a Nissl stain that identified distinct cortical architecture, we successfully identified 6 important WM pathways. We also compared fractional anisotropy (FA), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), radial diffusivity (RD), and axial diffusivity (AD) in tracts passing through the genu and splenium. Results Callosal fibers were organized based upon cortical destination, i.e. fibers from the genu project to the frontal cortex. Histologic results identified the motor cortex based on cytoarchitectonic criteria that allowed placement of ROIs to discriminate between frontal and parietal lobes. We also identified cytoarchitecture typical of the orbital frontal, anterior frontal, and occipital regions and placed ROIs accordingly. FA, ADC, RD and AD values were all higher in posterior corpus callosum fiber tracts. Conclusions Using 6 cortical ROIs, we identified 6 major white matter tracts that reflect major functional divisions of the cerebral hemispheres and we derived quantitative values that can be used for study of canine models of human WM pathological states.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 73%

Segmentation of the Canine Corpus Callosum Using Diffusion-Tensor Imaging Tractography

Pierce

Calabrese

White

et al. 2014

American Journal of Roentgenology

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“…1), caudate nucleus, hippocampus, and thalamus. The relevant neuroanatomy was identified by referral to anatomy texts, sectioned cadaver heads, and atlases [1,7,9,18,26].…”

Section: Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

FDG Uptake of Normal Canine Brain Assessed by High-Resolution Research Tomography-Positron Emission Tomography and 7 T-Magnetic Resonance Imaging

et al. 2012

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ABSTRACT. The purpose of this study was to assess the normal distribution of 18 F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) uptake of canine brain structures using a high-resolution research tomography-positron emission tomography (HRRT-PET) and 7 T-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) fusion system. FDG-PET and T2-weighted MRI of the brain were performed on 4 healthy laboratory beagle dogs. On MRI, regions of interests (ROIs) were manually drawn over 51 intracranial structures, including nine gross structures and 42 detailed structures. Relative standard uptake value ratio (rSUV=SUV of ROI/SUV of whole brain) was calculated for each ROI. The HRRT-PET and 7 T-MRI fusion imaging system demonstrated significant differences in glucose metabolism among various intracranial structures. Among gross structures, the midbrain and the pons and medulla oblongata had the highest uptake (rSUV: 1.12 ± 0.03) and lowest uptake (rSUV: 0.90 ± 0.06) of FDG, respectively. When rSUVs were calculated on detailed regions, the caudal colliculus and the longitudinal fibers of pons had the highest (rSUV: 1.62 ± 0.05) and the lowest (rSUV: 0.63 ± 0.03) glucose metabolism, respectively. Because the high resolution of PET-MRI fusion images provided clearly identifiable metabolic activities of canine brain, the HRRT-PET and 7 T-MRI fusion imaging might be a good tool for evaluation of intracranial diseases in canines. KEY WORDS: 7 T-MRI, canine brain, FDG, HRRT-PET.

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“…From comparative studies on their neuroanatomy it has been clarified that the external cerebrum morphology of the modern Canidae is extremely uniform and, except for small differences in the shape and size of frontal gyri (sigmoid and proreal gyrus), characterized by lack of important differences between the genera (Radinsky, 1969(Radinsky, , 1973(Radinsky, , 1978Lyras and Van Der Geer, 2003). Such uniformity can also be observed from the comparison of cross-sectional anatomy of the red fox and dog brain as revealed by previous MRI studies in both species (Kassab and Bahgat, 2007;Leigh et al, 2008). As reported in dogs (Garosi et al, 2006), the imaging findings (shape and distribution of the lesions, absence of mass effect, signal intensity and evolution of the lesions) in the fox herein examined were suggestive of ischemic infarct in the territory of the right caudal cerebral artery (CCA).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

Central vestibular syndrome in a red fox (<i>Vulpes vulpes</i>) with presumptive right caudal cerebral artery ischemic infarct and prevalent midbrain involvement

Ricciardi¹,

Gernone²,

Simone³

et al. 2017

Open Vet J.

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A wild young male red fox (Vulpes vulpes) was found in the mountainous hinterland of Rome (Italy) with a heavily depressed mental status and unresponsive to the surrounding environment. Neurological examination revealed depression, left circling, right head tilt, ventromedial positional strabismus and decreased postural reactions on the left side. Neurological abnormalities were suggestive of central vestibular syndrome. Two consecutive MRIs performed with 30 days interval were compatible with lacunar ischemic infarct in the territory of right caudal cerebral artery and its collateral branches. The lesion epicentre was in the right periaqueductal portion of the rostral mesencephalic tegmentum. Neuroanatomical and neurophysiological correlation between lesion localization and clinical presentation are discussed.

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Clinical Anatomy of the Canine Brain Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Cited by 53 publications

References 2 publications

Segmentation of the Canine Corpus Callosum Using Diffusion-Tensor Imaging Tractography

Segmentation of the Canine Corpus Callosum Using Diffusion-Tensor Imaging Tractography

FDG Uptake of Normal Canine Brain Assessed by High-Resolution Research Tomography-Positron Emission Tomography and 7 T-Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Central vestibular syndrome in a red fox (<i>Vulpes vulpes</i>) with presumptive right caudal cerebral artery ischemic infarct and prevalent midbrain involvement

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