Clinical Anatomy and Surgical Skills Training for Senior Residents

Surgical education in urogynecology from low fidelity to virtual reality: Systematic review

“…One article was reported under both “animals” and “cadavers” since it included both interventions 44 . Four articles reported under the category of multimodal workshops also used cadavers 15,56–58 . The procedures taught with cadaver training included midurethral slings (e.g., transobturator, tension‐free vaginal tape), artificial urethral sphincter, sacrospinous ligament fixation, uterosacral ligament suspension, laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy, and pelvic mesh surgeries.…”

“…Eighteen articles were abstracts, and 22 were manuscripts of which six were videos demonstrating or describing the construction of the models. Five articles reported under the category of multimodal workshops also used static models 14,15,56–58 . The models ranged from low to high fidelity.…”

“…One article Shah et al noted that the use of the model did not improve surgical complication rates when used immediately before surgery, however, they state that the important haptic component of the procedure was not provided in this model. Summers et al 57 also noted that although many residents felt adequately prepared for endoscopy and vaginal surgery, most participants felt they had inadequate skills for identifying urologic complications (67%) or bowel injury (33%). Interestingly, all tested models could distinguish between level of experience with respect to procedure time and errors.…”

“…44 Four articles reported under the category of multimodal workshops also used cadavers. 15,[56][57][58] The procedures taught with cadaver training included midurethral slings (e.g., transobturator, tension-free vaginal tape), artificial urethral sphincter, sacrospinous ligament fixation, uterosacral ligament suspension, laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy, and pelvic mesh surgeries. Subjective outcomes were described in seven articles with the most common being confidence (n = 4) followed by usefulness (n = 3) and satisfaction (n = 3) with cadaver models; other outcomes included comfort level (n = 1), realism (n = 1), and self-reported knowledge (n = 1).…”

“…Five articles reported under the category of multimodal workshops also used static models. 14,15,[56][57][58] The models ranged from low to high fidelity. The procedures taught with static models included transabdominal pelvic organ prolapse surgery (e.g., laparoscopic, robotic-assisted sacrocolpopexy), transvaginal surgery (e.g., total vaginal hysterectomy), native tissue apical prolapse suspension site-specific repairs (e.g., colpectomy and colpoclesis), cystoscopy, advanced laparoscopy (e.g., ex-retroperitoneal dissection), and anti-incontinence procedures (e.g., laparoscopic Burch Colposuspension, transobturator, and retropubic midurethral slings).…”