Clinical anaerobic infections in an Indian tertiary care hospital: A two-year retrospective study

Angrup, Archana; Sood, Apurva; Ray, Pallab; Bala, Kiran

doi:10.1016/j.anaerobe.2021.102482

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 28 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…A total of 55 (67%) samples showed both aerobes and anaerobes. This is in concordance with many other studies where 68% of infections were poly-microbial [13,14].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Antimicrobial resistance pattern of anaerobic bacteria causing lower respiratory tract infections.

Shariff,

Khawung

2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Anaerobes are indigenous flora of the human body but have the potential to cause serious diseases. Anaerobic bacteria are involved in all morbid conditions of respiratory infections, and the frequencies of isolation are high in pneumonia and at the time of acute exacerbation of chronic lower airway infection. These are often missed due to the complexity of their isolation and identification. Hence, this study aimed to study anaerobes causing respiratory tract infections and determine their antibiotic susceptibility. Materials & Methods Clinical specimens such as bronchial aspirates and pleural aspirates collected from patients with respiratory diseases attending Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute were processed, the anaerobes isolated were identified, and their susceptibilities to various groups of antimicrobials were studied using standard microbiological methods. Results Three hundred forty-four patients were included in the study, 124 males and 147 females. Of these 344 patients, 165 yielded anaerobes in their clinical samples. Ninety patients had more than one type of anaerobic organism. Hence, a total of 271 isolates were recovered belonging to as many as 16 genera. The MIC of seven antibiotics on 154 isolates was tested. The isolates belonged to the genera Bacteroides, Prevotella, Veillonella, and Actinomyces, among others. Variable resistance was observed to most classes of antibiotics by many genera. Conclusions Metronidazole is commonly used against anaerobes, but the study showed that the isolates were 20–30% resistant to the antibiotic. Starting this as an empirical therapy might lead to treatment failure.

show abstract

“…A total of 55 (67%) samples showed both aerobes and anaerobes. This is in concordance with many other studies where 68% of infections were poly-microbial [13,14].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…In 14% of the patients, only anaerobes were recovered, while a mixture of aerobes and anaerobes was encountered in 58%. From all cases of lung abscess, anaerobic bacteria were isolated, alone (04) or along with aerobic bacteria (13). From empyema and pleural effusion cases, 65.6% and 68.4% anaerobes were recovered, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial resistance pattern of anaerobic bacteria causing lower respiratory tract infections.

Shariff,

Khawung

2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Infectious animal ulcer models have also been used as an important model for diabetic ulcers 90,91 . Among the infectious causative agents, the three main groups include Gram‐negative bacteria, Gram‐positive bacteria and fungi, with Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) as the most common causative agent 92,93 . After Garedew Kifelew established a wound model in diabetic mice, MRSA suspension was applied to the wound surface.…”

Section: Dfu Animal Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…90,91 Among the infectious causative agents, the three main groups include Gram-negative bacteria, Gram-positive bacteria and fungi, with Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) as the most common causative agent. 92,93 After Garedew Kifelew established a wound model in diabetic mice, MRSA suspension was applied to the wound surface. MRSA suspension was applied to the wound surface and wrapped with gauze to successfully establish an infected ulcer model.…”

Section: Infected Diabetic Ulcer Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preclinical study of diabetic foot ulcers: From pathogenesis to vivo/vitro models and clinical therapeutic transformation

Wang

Fan

et al. 2023

International Wound Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU), a common intractable chronic complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), has a prevalence of up to 25%, with more than 17% of the affected patients at risk of amputation or even death. Vascular risk factors, including vascular stenosis or occlusion, dyslipidemia, impaired neurosensory and motor function, and skin infection caused by trauma, all increase the risk of DFU in patients with diabetes. Therefore, diabetic foot is not a single pathogenesis. Preclinical studies have contributed greatly to the pathogenesis determination and efficacy evaluation of DFU. Many therapeutic tools are currently being investigated using DFU animal models for effective clinical translation. However, preclinical animal models that completely mimic the pathogenesis of DFU remain unexplored. Therefore, in this review, the preparation methods and evaluation criteria of DFU animal models with three major pathological mechanisms: neuropathy, angiopathy and DFU infection were discussed in detail. And the advantages and disadvantages of various DFU animal models for clinical sign simulation. Furthermore, the current status of vitro models of DFU and some preclinical studies have been transformed into clinical treatment programs, such as medical dressings, growth factor therapy, 3D bioprinting and pre‐vascularization, Traditional Chinese Medicine treatment. However, because of the complexity of the pathological mechanism of DFU, the clinical transformation of DFU model still faces many challenges. We need to further optimize the existing preclinical studies of DFU to provide an effective animal platform for the future study of pathophysiology and clinical treatment of DFU.

show abstract

“…While extensive research has addressed AMR in aerobic and facultative anaerobic pathogens, the study on strict anaerobes has received comparatively less attention. Anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria (AGNB) comprise a significant proportion of the human microbiota and often act as secondary pathogens [1]. AGNB are the most common anaerobes associated with infections and include some of the most antimicrobialresistant species [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anaerobic Gram-Negative Bacteria: Role as a Reservoir of Antibiotic Resistance

2023

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria (AGNB) play a significant role as both pathogens and essential members of the human microbiota. Despite their clinical importance, there remains limited understanding regarding their antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns. This knowledge gap poses challenges in effectively managing AGNB-associated infections, as empirical treatment approaches may not adequately address the evolving resistance landscape. To bridge this research gap, we conducted a comprehensive study aimed at exploring the role of human AGNB as a reservoir of AMR. This can provide valuable insights for the prevention and management of anaerobic infections. Methods: We studied the prevalence of AMR and AMR determinants conferring resistance to metronidazole (nimE), imipenem (cfiA), piperacillin–tazobactam (cepA), cefoxitin (cfxA), clindamycin (ermF), chloramphenicol (cat) and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) such as cfiAIS and IS1186 associated with the cfiA and nim gene expression. These parameters were studied in Bacteroides spp., Fusobacterium spp., Prevotella spp., Veillonella spp., Sutterella spp., and other clinical AGNB. Results: Resistance to metronidazole, clindamycin, imipenem, piperacillin–tazobactam, cefoxitin and chloramphenicol was 29%, 33.5%, 0.5%, 27.5%, 26.5% and 0%, respectively. The presence of resistance genes, viz., nim, ermF, cfiA, cepA, cfxA, was detected in 24%, 33.5%, 10%, 9.5%, 21.5% isolates, respectively. None of the tested isolates showed the presence of a cat gene and MGEs, viz., cfiAIS and IS1186. The highest resistance to all antimicrobial agents was exhibited by Bacteroides spp. The association between resistant phenotypes and genotypes was complete in clindamycin, as all clindamycin-resistant isolates showed the presence of ermF gene, and none of the susceptible strains harbored this gene; similarly, all isolates were chloramphenicol-susceptible and also lacked the cat gene, whereas the association was low among imipenem and piperacillin–tazobactam. Metronidazole and imipenem resistance was seen to be dependent on insertion sequences for the expression of AMR genes. A constrained co-existence of cepA and cfiA gene in B. fragilis species was seen. Based on the absence and presence of the cfiA gene, we divided B. fragilis into two categories, Division I (72.6%) and Division II (27.3%), respectively. Conclusion: AGNB acts as a reservoir of specific AMR genes, which may pose a threat to other anaerobes due to functional compatibility and acquisition of these genes. Thus, AST-complying standard guidelines must be performed periodically to monitor the local and institutional susceptibility trends, and rational therapeutic strategies must be adopted to direct empirical management.

show abstract

Clinical anaerobic infections in an Indian tertiary care hospital: A two-year retrospective study

Cited by 7 publications

References 28 publications

Antimicrobial resistance pattern of anaerobic bacteria causing lower respiratory tract infections.

Antimicrobial resistance pattern of anaerobic bacteria causing lower respiratory tract infections.

Preclinical study of diabetic foot ulcers: From pathogenesis to vivo/vitro models and clinical therapeutic transformation

Anaerobic Gram-Negative Bacteria: Role as a Reservoir of Antibiotic Resistance

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About