Clinal Variation of Lateral Plates in Threespine Stickleback Fish

Bell, Michael A.; Richkind, Kathleen E.

doi:10.1086/283693

Cited by 44 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 36 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…However, adaptive divergence may in certain situations be constrained by gene flow from elsewhere (see also Bell and Richkind 1981;Bell 1982). Such a constraint could exist when gene flow is high and would also cause a reduction of mean population fitness.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Release-recapture experiments that test for differential survival or reproduction without the confounding effects of emigration would better reveal the strength of selection against lake fish in streams. Examination of genetic and morphological variation along the length of streams would allow cline-based analyses of the effects of gene flow (e.g., Bell and Richkind 1981). Finally, mate-choice experiments would reveal the extent of prezygotic isolation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We chose threespine stickleback for exploring the lakestream contrast because different freshwater stickleback populations show remarkably divergent adaptations (Schluter and McPhail 1992;McPhail 1994;Reimchen 1994), and yet divergence may be constrained by gene flow in certain locations (Bell and Richkind 1981;Bell 1982). Parapatric lake and stream stickleback have been described for three systems in British Columbia: Drizzle and Mayer Lakes on the Queen Charlotte Islands (Moodie 1972a,b;Reimchen et al 1985) and Misty Lake on Vancouver Island (Lavin and McPhail 1993;Thompson et al 1997).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Adaptive Divergence and the Balance Between Selection and Gene Flow: Lake and Stream Stickleback in the Misty System

2002

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. We investigated the interplay between natural selection and gene flow in the adaptive divergence of threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) that reside parapatrically in lakes and streams. Within the Misty Lake system (Vancouver Island, British Columbia), stickleback from the inlet stream (flowing into the lake) have fewer gill rakers and deeper bodies than stickleback from the lake-differences thought to facilitate foraging (benthic macroinvertebrates in the stream vs. zooplankton in the open water of the lake). Common-garden experiments demonstrated that these differences have a genetic basis. Reciprocal transplant enclosure experiments showed that lake and inlet stickleback grow best in their home environments (although differences were subtle and often not significant). Release-recapture experiments in the inlet showed that lake fish are less well-suited than inlet fish for life in the stream (higher mortality or emigration in lake fish). Morphological divergence in the wild and under common rearing was greater between the lake and the inlet than between the lake and the outlet. Genetic divergence (mitochondrial DNA and microsatellites) was greatest between the lake and the upper inlet (1.8 km upstream from the lake), intermediate between the lake and the lower inlet (0.9 km upstream), and least between the lake and the outlet stream (1.2 km downstream). Relative levels of gene flow estimated from genetic data showed the inverse pattern. The negative association between morphological divergence and gene flow is consistent with the expectation that gene flow can constrain adaptation. Estimated absolute levels of gene flow also implied a constraint on adaptation in the outlet but not the inlet. Our results suggest that natural selection promotes the adaptive divergence of lake and stream stickleback, but that the magnitude of divergence can be constrained by gene flow.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Adaptive Divergence and the Balance Between Selection and Gene Flow: Lake and Stream Stickleback in the Misty System

2002

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…There have been four other studies of allozyme variation in sticklebacks from the west coast of North America (Avise, 1976;Withler, 1980;Bell and Richkind, 1981;Buth et aL, 1984). These studies used sample sizes comparable to those used in this study, but in general, they did not observe the high level of allelic diversity which was found in the Brush Creek drainage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…Avise (1976) scored 15 loci in sticklebacks from the San Juaquin River in central California and found four to be diallelic, including Gpi-2; the rest were monomorphic, including Pgm. Bell and Richkind (1981) found only two alleles at Pgm in sticklebacks from the Ventura River, California; the 11 other loci scored were monomorphic. Buth et aL (1984) scored 45 loci in sticklebacks from the Santa Clara River system in southern California, of which six were polymorphic; five were diallelic, including Pgm, and Ada was triallelic.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

The genetics of differentiation in a stream population of the threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus

Baumgartner

1986

Heredity

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Clinal variation occurs at three polymorphic enzyme loci in a population of the threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus, from the Brush Creek drainage, a small coastal system in northern California, U.S.A. The drainage consists of two tributary streams, representing two broad ecological units based on stream gradient, which meet at a coastal lagoon. Seven localities were sampled once each year for three years, and the allele frequencies for alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh), glucophosphate isomerase (Gpi-2), and phosphoglucomutase (Pgm) were estimated for each sample by gel electrophoresis. At each locus, all samples were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, and there was no evidence for temporal heterogeneity. There was significant spatial heterogeneity detected for all three loci, which was particularly strong for Pgm. Although the degree of differentiation in allozyme frequencies differed among the three loci, the overall patterns of differentiation were very similar for all three. The similarity of spatial patterns of differentiation is explained by population processes, such as natural selection and gene flow; linkage disequilibrium among the loci was not detected. The allelic diversity within the drainage was very high, and the distribution of alleles among localities suggested that the rate of gene flow within the drainage was relatively high. These data suggest that the allozyme dines, as well as a parallel dine for the ratio of lateral plate morphs, are maintained in their current ecotonal position by gene flow across the ecotone with differential selection on either side. However, the history of the drainage suggests that the dines originated when isolated stickleback populations inhabiting ecologically distinct habitats within the drainage came into secondary contact.

show abstract

Lateral plate number in low‐plated threespine stickleback: a study of plasticity and heritability

Hansson

Fischer

Mazzarella

et al. 2016

Ecology and Evolution

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In the threespine stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus model system, phenotypes are often classified into three morphs according to lateral plate number. Morph identity has been shown to be largely genetically determined, but substantial within‐morph variation in plate number exists. In this study, we test whether plate number has a plastic component in response to salinity in the low‐plated morph using a split‐clutch experiment where families were split in two, one half raised in water at 0 and the other at 30 ppt salt. We find a small salinity‐induced plastic effect on plate number in an unexpected direction, opposite to what we predicted: Fish raised in freshwater on average have slightly more plates than fish raised in saltwater. Our results confirm that heritability of plate number is high. Additionally, we find that variance in plate number at the family level can be predicted from other family level traits, which might indicate that epistatic interactions play a role in creating the observed pattern of lateral plate number variation.

show abstract

Clinal Variation of Lateral Plates in Threespine Stickleback Fish

Cited by 44 publications

References 36 publications

Adaptive Divergence and the Balance Between Selection and Gene Flow: Lake and Stream Stickleback in the Misty System

Adaptive Divergence and the Balance Between Selection and Gene Flow: Lake and Stream Stickleback in the Misty System

The genetics of differentiation in a stream population of the threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus

Lateral plate number in low‐plated threespine stickleback: a study of plasticity and heritability

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About