CLIMEX modelling of the potential global distribution of the citrus black spot disease caused by Guignardia citricarpa and the risk posed to Europe

Outcome of the public consultation on the draft Scientific Opinion on the risk of Phyllosticta citricarpa (Guignardia citricarpa) for the EU territory with identification and evaluation of risk reduction options

“…Miles et al, 2013). Earlier reports of CBS on C. maxima (see Table 4 and Figure 10) (Kotzé, 1981(Kotzé, , 2000 and similarly in Argentina, Australia, and Brazil (Mayers and Owen-Turner 1987;Reis et al 2003;Miles et al 2008;Fogliata et al 2011;Vinhas 2011 (Magarey et al, 2011;Fourie et al, 2013;Yonow et al, 2013 For the first comment, it has to be noted that in most countries fruit tree crops account for only a small proportion of the total area; however, this does not mean that fruit tree crops are generally not important. The opinion provides more details on the area of citrus production in provinces found suitable for ascospore infection.…”

“…EFSA has already worked on Guignardia citricarpa in the past, when it prepared a scientific opinion on a pest risk analysis and additional documentation on Guignardia citricarpa provided by South Africa (Question number: EFSA-Q-2008-299;doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2009. A recently published scientific paper (Yonow T, Hattingh V and de Villiers M, 2013. CLIMEX modelling of the potential global distribution of Guignardia citricarpa and the risk posed to Europe.…”

Statement on the comments by Hattingh et al. (2014) on the EFSA PLH Panel (2014) Scientific Opinion on Citrus Black Spot

“…A letter was sent to V. Hattingh, Chief Executive Officer of Citrus Research International (Pty) Ltd, South Africa  explaining the request from the European Commission to react to the online statement by Hattingh et al (2014),  describing the action taken by V. Hattingh replied on 24 Sep 2014 that "a constructive way forward may be if EFSA were prepared to revise its risk assessment on the basis of the inputs provided by the Expert Panel in 2013 [Hattingh et al, 2013] and provide an opportunity…”

“…A) According to Hattingh et al (2014), the technical and scientific nature of comments were not addressed by EFSA B) According to Hattingh et al (2014), EFSA has a better understanding of the research results than researchers who conducted the research C) According to Hattingh et al (2014), EFSA has a better understanding of CBS than the CBS expert panel members D) According to Hattingh et al (2014), EFSA responses provided a scientifically weak argument Yonow et al (2013) is that, when the Panel ran the CLIMEX model parameterised for P. citricarpa by Yonow et al (2013) using more recent climatic data, the result was that, although most EU citrus-growing areas came out as having a "marginal" climatic suitability, important EU citrus-producing areas were classified as "suitable" and some areas were even classified as "highly suitable" 260 C On the CLIMEX modelling by Yonow et al (2013) Refers …”

Interference of spray volume, fruit growth and rainfall on spray deposits in citrus black spot control periods

“…The citrus black spot (CBS) causes serious damage to the sector and is widespread in many citrus producing areas in the I Departamento de Proteção Vegetal, Defesa Fitossanitária, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas (FCA), Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 18610-307, Botucatu, SP, Brasil. E-mail: demaraujo@yahoo.com (YONOW et al, 2013). CBS is caused by Guignardia citricarpa (Kiely), a foliar and fruit disease of citrus (KOTZÉ, 1981).…”